Cellular & Molecular Genetics - German Flashcards
What is a gene?
A region of DNA that controls a discrete hereditary characteristic, usually corresponding to a single protein or RNA
Where is the telomere found
On the ends of a genome
How many autosomes are in the genome
44 autosomes & 2 sex chromosomes
DNA in nucleosome form is called…..
Chromatin
In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
S phase
Which cell cycle do cellular contents become duplicated
G1
What does “DNA replication is semiconservative” mean
Basically means in the 2 new DNA strands, there is 1 new strand and 1 old strand
Which of the following places nicks in the DNA to relax coils?
- DNA Polymerase
- Topoisomerase
- DNA Primase
- DNA Helicase
Topoisomerase
WHich of the following creates new DNA?
- DNA Polymerase
- Topoisomerase
- DNA Primase
- DNA Helicase
DNA Polymerase
Which of the following creates RNA primers on the LAGGING strand?
- DNA Polymerase
- Topoisomerase
- DNA Primase
- DNA Helicase
DNA primers
In which direction does the DNA chain grow?
5—>3
Diploid cells are (mitosis/meiosis) cells
Mitosis
List the steps of Mitosis
- Prophase
- Prometaphase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
What is the main difference between Meiosis and Mitosis?
First, meiosis involves not one, but two cell divisions. Second, meiosis leads to the production of germ cells, which are cells that give rise to gametes. Germ cells are different from somatic cells in a critical way.
In which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope begin to start reappear?
Telophase
What is an okazaki fragment?
Okazaki fragments are short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are formed on the lagging template strand during DNA replication. They are complementary to the lagging template strand, together forming short double-stranded DNA sections.
Define independent assortment
The Principle of Independent Assortment describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop.
Define Recombination
The rearrangement of genetic material, especially by crossing over in chromosomes or by the artificial joining of segments of DNA from different organisms.
When does genetic recombination occur in Meiosis?
Meiosis I
In which phase of Mitosis do chromatids start to condense?
Prophase
