Pharm II - Fleckenstein Flashcards
Define a drug
ANything that changes the biologic function through its chemical actions
Define a medicine
A subset of drugs used for therapeutic effects
What is a xenobiotic chemical
Any chemical not synthesized in the body
(Acidic/Basic) drugs are better absorped in the stomach
Acidic
Lipid soluble drugs are an example of (passive/specialized) transport
Passive
Name the 2 types of specialized transport
Active transport
Facilitated transport
What is bioavalabilty
The fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation following administration
What is volume of distribution
The measure of the apparent space in the body available to contain a drug
Drugs with high concentraions in extravascular tissue will have a high/low volume of distribution
HIGH
What is volume of distribution used for?
To calculate half life
What is half life
Amount of time it takes body to excrete 1/2 dosage of drug
Why is cytochrome p450 important?
Key for drug metabolism, biotransformation and detoxification
what are the 2 most common forms of cytochrome p450
CYP3A4 and CYP2D6
Inducers (increase/decrease) the rate of drug metabolism
INCREASE
Inhibitors (increase/decrease) the rate of drug metabolism
DECREASE
Glucuronidation and Glutathione conjugation are part of what type of metabolism
phase II
List some factors that affect hepatic drug metabolism
- Cytochrome p450 inhibition
- Microsomal enzyme induction
- Liver disease
Cytocrhome p450 is part of (phase I 0r II)
Phase I
True of false:
Phase II ALWAYS occurs after phase I
FALSE, Phase II can occur before phase I
Why, during drug metabolism is the drug made to be more hydrophillic?
To make it easier to excrete (urine)
How many 1/2 lives does it usually take to excrete a drug out of the body?
4.5 half lives (assuming 1st order kinetics)
What is the difference between 1st order and zero order kinetics
1st order (10% at a time)
Zero order (constant rate)
