Diabeetus - German

Question 1

Define diabetes (general)

Answer 1

Diabetes is the inability of the body to regulate blood glucose through insulin

Question 2

Describe characteristics of Type I diabetes

Answer 2

“insulin dependent diabetes” Meaning the body lacks pancreatic Beta cells and cannot produce insulin.

Question 3

Describe characteristics of Type II diabetes

Answer 3

“NON-Insulin dependent”

-Insensitivity to insulin, bascially you get this because you are a fat lard

Question 4

Describe characteristics of Gestational diabetes

Answer 4

Develops during pregnancy

Women who develop gestational diabetes are more likely to developo type II later in life.

Question 5

Review, which cells produce insulin and which glucagon? Does insulin increase or decrease blood sugar?

Answer 5

Alpha cells: Glucagon
Beta Cells: Insulin

Insulin reduces blood glucose levels.

Question 6

My symptoms include: Polyphagia, weight loss and bed wetting. Do I likely have Type I or II?

Answer 6

Type I

Question 7

My symptoms include Polyuria, thirst and weakness or fatigue. Type I or Type II

Answer 7

Cant tell, since I and II have those symptoms but I think Type I has it worse than type II?

Question 8

T or F: In type I diabetes, the body lacks Beta cells.

Answer 8

FALSE, techinically false because the body still has beta cells, its just that the body attacks the beta cells so they cannot release insulin

Question 9

T or F:

Type I diabetes leads to ketoacidosis (Acidic levels of blod)

Answer 9

True, if uncontrolled

Question 10

What are the 3 interventions that can help you keep type I under control?

Answer 10

Insulin administration
Glucose monitoring
Diet

Question 11

What are the 2 insulin administration methods?

Answer 11

1. Injections

2. Pump

Question 12

definition of Type II

Answer 12

Progressive increase in fasting glucose due to reduced insulin sensitivity followed by a degeneration of insulin production

Question 13

What are the 3 possible mechanisms of insensitivity from type II

Answer 13

1. adipokine signaling
2. Ectopic lipid storage
3. Inflammatory signaling

Question 14

How does insulin resistance occur in type II?

Answer 14

1. Enlarged adipocytes produce MCP-1
2. Macrophages infiltrate the enlarged adipocytes due to presence of MCP-1
3. Presence of macrophage cause adipocyte to export fatty acids.
4. Ectopic lipid deposits from interferring with GLUT4 movement causing insulin resistance

Question 15

3 type II management approches

Answer 15

Lifestyle
Oral Hypoglycemics
Insulin

Question 16

List the common Type II drugs and name one thing each one does

Answer 16

1. Sulfonylyreas - Increase B-cell insulin secretion
2. Metformin - Reduces liver gluconeogensis and lipogenesis
3. Peroxisome Proliferator acitivated receptor agonists - Increases glucose transporter expression
4. Aplpha-Glucosidase inhibitors - prevent Carbohydrate absorption

Question 17

If I fail a C-peptide test I most likely have type I or II?

Answer 17

Type I

Question 18

IF you pass C-peptide and fail glucose tolerance test you most likely have

Answer 18

Type II

Question 19

Name some long term diabetic complications

Answer 19

• Heart disorders
• Blindness
• Kidneys
• Neurologic complications
• Impaired wound healing

Question 20

T or F: Erectile dysfunction can be a complication from diabetes

Answer 20

True

Question 21

T or F: Fatty acid buildup intereferes with adipokine signaling which then interferes with GLUT4 producing insulin resistance

Answer 21

FALSE:

Fatty acid buildup causes Ectolipid buildup which then interferes with GLUT-4 which produces insulin resistance