Amino acid & Protein Synthesis - German Flashcards
T or F: The body can store amino acids for long periods of time for storage
False: No long term storage system
Proteins are built from…..
Amino acids
3-phosphoglycerate, phosphenolpyruvate and pyruvate are all precursors for what?
Glycolysis
What are the 2 precursos for the pentose phosphate pathway?
- Ribose-5-phosphate
2. Erythrose 6 phosphate
name the 2 precursors for the citric acid cycle
- Oxaloacetate
2. alpha ketoglutarate
List the 6 steps in protein synthesis
- Transcription initiation
- Posttranscriptional processing
- RNA stability
- Translational regulation
- Protein modification
- Protein transport
- Protein degradation
DNA is primarily found in ……….. form?
Nucleosome form
introns/exons encode for amino acid sequence?
Exons
introns/exons are non-coding and are spliced out of gene
introns
remember-“introns go INto the trash”
What does the (enhancer/silencer) region of a gene do?
Binding of proteins that promote or inhibit trasncription
what does the promoter region do?
Transcription factor and RNA polymerase binding
What is the “UTR” region and why is it important?
UTR - Untranslated Regions
Necessary for RNA processing
What is the area called that contains introns and exons?
Open reading frame
List the 3 RNA Polymerase and state what they synthesize
Polymerase I - (rRNA)
Polymerase II - (mRNA)
Polymerase III - (tRNA)
T or F: Transcription requires primers
False
No primers required!
RNA Poly II reads the template strand in which direction?
3’ - 5’
the new mRNA strand is made in which direction and is identical to which DNA strand?
5’ - 3’
Identical to non template strand
What is the purpose of the 5’ cap and the 3’ poly A tail?
5’ cap protects mRNA
3’ poly A tail anchors mRNA during translation
occurs independent of RNA polymerase
T or F there are self splicing introns
True
there are self splicing and introns that are spliced by splicesome complexes
What is the main goal of splicing?
To create variance and create different products and proteins
Where does Transcription and translation occur within the cell?
Transcription: Nuclues
Translation: Cytoplasm
T or F: Translational initiation is ATP dependent
True
Where does protein folding and other post translational modifications occur within the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
AND
Cytoplasmic space
What are the 2 locations in which synthesis can occur?
- Endoplasmic reticulum
2. Cytoplasmic space
Are intravsicular proteins synthsized in the E.R. or the cytoplasmic space
E.R.
What 2 things can degrade proteins?
Proteosome
-degrades cytoplasmic proteins
Lysosome
- degrades vesicular and membrane proteins
What are the 3 stop codons and 1 start codon?
Start: AUG
Stop:
- UGA
- UAG
- UAA
T or F: The anticodon is located on the mRNA strand?
FALSE,
the anticodon is located on tRNA
WHat adds the Poly A tail to the new mRNA strand?
Polyadenylate polymerase
Adds 80 - 250 A residues
