Amino acid & Protein Synthesis - German

Question 1

T or F: The body can store amino acids for long periods of time for storage

Answer 1

False: No long term storage system

Question 2

Proteins are built from…..

Answer 2

Amino acids

Question 3

3-phosphoglycerate, phosphenolpyruvate and pyruvate are all precursors for what?

Answer 3

Glycolysis

Question 4

What are the 2 precursos for the pentose phosphate pathway?

Answer 4

1. Ribose-5-phosphate

2. Erythrose 6 phosphate

Question 5

name the 2 precursors for the citric acid cycle

Answer 5

1. Oxaloacetate

2. alpha ketoglutarate

Question 6

List the 6 steps in protein synthesis

Answer 6

1. Transcription initiation
2. Posttranscriptional processing
3. RNA stability
4. Translational regulation
5. Protein modification
6. Protein transport
7. Protein degradation

Question 7

DNA is primarily found in ……….. form?

Answer 7

Nucleosome form

Question 8

introns/exons encode for amino acid sequence?

Answer 8

Exons

Question 9

introns/exons are non-coding and are spliced out of gene

Answer 9

introns

remember-“introns go INto the trash”

Question 10

What does the (enhancer/silencer) region of a gene do?

Answer 10

Binding of proteins that promote or inhibit trasncription

Question 11

what does the promoter region do?

Answer 11

Transcription factor and RNA polymerase binding

Question 12

What is the “UTR” region and why is it important?

Answer 12

UTR - Untranslated Regions

Necessary for RNA processing

Question 13

What is the area called that contains introns and exons?

Answer 13

Open reading frame

Question 14

List the 3 RNA Polymerase and state what they synthesize

Answer 14

Polymerase I - (rRNA)
Polymerase II - (mRNA)
Polymerase III - (tRNA)

Question 15

T or F: Transcription requires primers

Answer 15

False

No primers required!

Question 16

RNA Poly II reads the template strand in which direction?

Answer 16

3’ - 5’

Question 17

the new mRNA strand is made in which direction and is identical to which DNA strand?

Answer 17

5’ - 3’

Identical to non template strand

Question 18

What is the purpose of the 5’ cap and the 3’ poly A tail?

Answer 18

5’ cap protects mRNA

3’ poly A tail anchors mRNA during translation

occurs independent of RNA polymerase

Question 19

T or F there are self splicing introns

Answer 19

True

there are self splicing and introns that are spliced by splicesome complexes

Question 20

What is the main goal of splicing?

Answer 20

To create variance and create different products and proteins

Question 21

Where does Transcription and translation occur within the cell?

Answer 21

Transcription: Nuclues

Translation: Cytoplasm

Question 22

T or F: Translational initiation is ATP dependent

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Where does protein folding and other post translational modifications occur within the cell?

Answer 23

Endoplasmic reticulum
AND
Cytoplasmic space

Question 24

What are the 2 locations in which synthesis can occur?

Answer 24

1. Endoplasmic reticulum

2. Cytoplasmic space

Question 25

Are intravsicular proteins synthsized in the E.R. or the cytoplasmic space

Answer 25

E.R.

Question 26

What 2 things can degrade proteins?

Answer 26

Proteosome
-degrades cytoplasmic proteins

Lysosome
- degrades vesicular and membrane proteins

Question 27

What are the 3 stop codons and 1 start codon?

Answer 27

Start: AUG

Stop:

• UGA
• UAG
• UAA

Question 28

T or F: The anticodon is located on the mRNA strand?

Answer 28

FALSE,

the anticodon is located on tRNA

Question 29

WHat adds the Poly A tail to the new mRNA strand?

Answer 29

Polyadenylate polymerase

Adds 80 - 250 A residues