Hormones - Smith Flashcards
What is Homeostasis
Physiologic ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable environment
What are Hormones?
Hromones are chemical messengers secreted into the blood by specialized cells
What are the 4 methods of hormonal communication
- Neurocrine
- Endocrine
- Paracrine
- Autocrine
WHich hormone controls basal metabolism and what organ secretes it?
Thyroid hormone
Thyroid
What hormones does the adrenal cortex secrete and what is their action?
Cortisol - Energy metabolism
Mineralcorticoids - regulate plasma volume
What is the purpose of Vasopressin and where is secreted?
Posterior pituitary
Regulate plasma osmolality
name the 3 chemical classifications of hormones
- AMine hormones
- Peptide hormones
- Steroid hormones
What are the 2 solubility classifications of hormones
Lipophilic (non - polar) = fat soluble
Hydrophilic - (polar) - water soluble
What are the two groups of hormones dervied from tyrosine?
- Thyroid hormones - Lipophilic - binds to nuclear receptors
- Catecholamines - Hyrdophilic - bincds to cell membrane receptors
T or F: Peptide hormones are Hydrophilic
True
Steroid hormones are lipid/water soluble
Lipid soluble
What are steroid hormones dervived from?
Derived from cholesterol
Only (………..) hormones cross the cell membrane to bind to intracellular receptors. These include what type of hormones?
Lipid soluble
Thyroid hormones
Steroid hormones
Briefly describe intracellular hormone receptor pathway
LIPID soluble hormone diffuses through cell membrane, binds to DNA and alters mRNA to alter gene/protein activity
What is the main source of estrogen in postmenopausal women?
Adipose tissue
What is negative feedback
Hormone shuts down the releaseing organ
What connects the anterior pituitary gland to the hypothalamus
The Infundibular stalk
T or F: The hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary are the same organ
FALSE: Posterior pituitary (extensions of hypothalamus)
What is responsible for the bodys adaptive stress response
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal Axis (HPA)
Weight loss, fast heart rate, sand sweating are all examples of what disorder
Hyperthyroidism
What signs would you see in someone suffering from hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s disease
Fatigue, constipation, dry skin and depression
What is the main cause of Cushings syndrome
Excess ACTH results in overproduction of cortisol
too much cortisol or glucocorticoids
What is the main cause of Gigantism (Acromegaly)
Pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone
ADH helps the body (Excrete/Retain) water
Retain - released by Posterior pituitary
What releases epinephrine and norepinephrine? (catecholamines)
Adrenal Medulla
Mineralcorticoids, Glucocorticoids and adrenal androgens are all examples of what hormone?
Adrenal GLAND hormones all are STEROID compounds
A short term stress (fight or flight) response would be released by adrenal medulla/cortex?
Medulla
An adrenal deficiency is defined as what type of disease?
Addisons disease
