Hormones - Smith Flashcards

1
Q

What is Homeostasis

A

Physiologic ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable environment

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2
Q

What are Hormones?

A

Hromones are chemical messengers secreted into the blood by specialized cells

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3
Q

What are the 4 methods of hormonal communication

A
  1. Neurocrine
  2. Endocrine
  3. Paracrine
  4. Autocrine
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4
Q

WHich hormone controls basal metabolism and what organ secretes it?

A

Thyroid hormone

Thyroid

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5
Q

What hormones does the adrenal cortex secrete and what is their action?

A

Cortisol - Energy metabolism

Mineralcorticoids - regulate plasma volume

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6
Q

What is the purpose of Vasopressin and where is secreted?

A

Posterior pituitary

Regulate plasma osmolality

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7
Q

name the 3 chemical classifications of hormones

A
  1. AMine hormones
  2. Peptide hormones
  3. Steroid hormones
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8
Q

What are the 2 solubility classifications of hormones

A

Lipophilic (non - polar) = fat soluble

Hydrophilic - (polar) - water soluble

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9
Q

What are the two groups of hormones dervied from tyrosine?

A
  1. Thyroid hormones - Lipophilic - binds to nuclear receptors
  2. Catecholamines - Hyrdophilic - bincds to cell membrane receptors
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10
Q

T or F: Peptide hormones are Hydrophilic

A

True

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11
Q

Steroid hormones are lipid/water soluble

A

Lipid soluble

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12
Q

What are steroid hormones dervived from?

A

Derived from cholesterol

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13
Q

Only (………..) hormones cross the cell membrane to bind to intracellular receptors. These include what type of hormones?

A

Lipid soluble

Thyroid hormones
Steroid hormones

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14
Q

Briefly describe intracellular hormone receptor pathway

A

LIPID soluble hormone diffuses through cell membrane, binds to DNA and alters mRNA to alter gene/protein activity

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15
Q

What is the main source of estrogen in postmenopausal women?

A

Adipose tissue

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16
Q

What is negative feedback

A

Hormone shuts down the releaseing organ

17
Q

What connects the anterior pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

A

The Infundibular stalk

18
Q

T or F: The hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary are the same organ

A

FALSE: Posterior pituitary (extensions of hypothalamus)

19
Q

What is responsible for the bodys adaptive stress response

A

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal Axis (HPA)

20
Q

Weight loss, fast heart rate, sand sweating are all examples of what disorder

A

Hyperthyroidism

21
Q

What signs would you see in someone suffering from hypothyroidism

A

Hashimoto’s disease

Fatigue, constipation, dry skin and depression

22
Q

What is the main cause of Cushings syndrome

A

Excess ACTH results in overproduction of cortisol

too much cortisol or glucocorticoids

23
Q

What is the main cause of Gigantism (Acromegaly)

A

Pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone

24
Q

ADH helps the body (Excrete/Retain) water

A

Retain - released by Posterior pituitary

25
What releases epinephrine and norepinephrine? (catecholamines)
Adrenal Medulla
26
Mineralcorticoids, Glucocorticoids and adrenal androgens are all examples of what hormone?
Adrenal GLAND hormones all are STEROID compounds
27
A short term stress (fight or flight) response would be released by adrenal medulla/cortex?
Medulla
28
An adrenal deficiency is defined as what type of disease?
Addisons disease