Hormones - Smith

Question 1

What is Homeostasis

Answer 1

Physiologic ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable environment

Question 2

What are Hormones?

Answer 2

Hromones are chemical messengers secreted into the blood by specialized cells

Question 3

What are the 4 methods of hormonal communication

Answer 3

1. Neurocrine
2. Endocrine
3. Paracrine
4. Autocrine

Question 4

WHich hormone controls basal metabolism and what organ secretes it?

Answer 4

Thyroid hormone

Thyroid

Question 5

What hormones does the adrenal cortex secrete and what is their action?

Answer 5

Cortisol - Energy metabolism

Mineralcorticoids - regulate plasma volume

Question 6

What is the purpose of Vasopressin and where is secreted?

Answer 6

Posterior pituitary

Regulate plasma osmolality

Question 7

name the 3 chemical classifications of hormones

Answer 7

1. AMine hormones
2. Peptide hormones
3. Steroid hormones

Question 8

What are the 2 solubility classifications of hormones

Answer 8

Lipophilic (non - polar) = fat soluble

Hydrophilic - (polar) - water soluble

Question 9

What are the two groups of hormones dervied from tyrosine?

Answer 9

1. Thyroid hormones - Lipophilic - binds to nuclear receptors
2. Catecholamines - Hyrdophilic - bincds to cell membrane receptors

Question 10

T or F: Peptide hormones are Hydrophilic

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Steroid hormones are lipid/water soluble

Answer 11

Lipid soluble

Question 12

What are steroid hormones dervived from?

Answer 12

Derived from cholesterol

Question 13

Only (………..) hormones cross the cell membrane to bind to intracellular receptors. These include what type of hormones?

Answer 13

Lipid soluble

Thyroid hormones
Steroid hormones

Question 14

Briefly describe intracellular hormone receptor pathway

Answer 14

LIPID soluble hormone diffuses through cell membrane, binds to DNA and alters mRNA to alter gene/protein activity

Question 15

What is the main source of estrogen in postmenopausal women?

Answer 15

Adipose tissue

Question 16

What is negative feedback

Answer 16

Hormone shuts down the releaseing organ

Question 17

What connects the anterior pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

Answer 17

The Infundibular stalk

Question 18

T or F: The hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary are the same organ

Answer 18

FALSE: Posterior pituitary (extensions of hypothalamus)

Question 19

What is responsible for the bodys adaptive stress response

Answer 19

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal Axis (HPA)

Question 20

Weight loss, fast heart rate, sand sweating are all examples of what disorder

Answer 20

Hyperthyroidism

Question 21

What signs would you see in someone suffering from hypothyroidism

Answer 21

Hashimoto’s disease

Fatigue, constipation, dry skin and depression

Question 22

What is the main cause of Cushings syndrome

Answer 22

Excess ACTH results in overproduction of cortisol

too much cortisol or glucocorticoids

Question 23

What is the main cause of Gigantism (Acromegaly)

Answer 23

Pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone

Question 24

ADH helps the body (Excrete/Retain) water

Answer 24

Retain - released by Posterior pituitary

Question 25

What releases epinephrine and norepinephrine? (catecholamines)

Answer 25

Adrenal Medulla

Question 26

Mineralcorticoids, Glucocorticoids and adrenal androgens are all examples of what hormone?

Answer 26

Adrenal GLAND hormones all are STEROID compounds

Question 27

A short term stress (fight or flight) response would be released by adrenal medulla/cortex?

Answer 27

Medulla

Question 28

An adrenal deficiency is defined as what type of disease?

Answer 28

Addisons disease