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Infection and Immunology > Protein inhibition + Random Agents > Flashcards

Protein inhibition + Random Agents Flashcards

1
Q

inhibit protein synth by REVERSIBLY binding to bac ribosome

A

Tetracyclines (doxycycline) – wide spectrum due to ^ LIPOPHILIC (get into restricted spaces and porin channels)

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2
Q

Tetracyclines are ________, thus they need normal immune system to fully kick infections. May weakly inhibit human ____ ______. Also mildly _____ due to inhibition of inflammatory agents.

A

bacteriostatic,
protein synthesis,
antiinflamatory

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3
Q

Tetracycline / Macrolide (azithromycin) resistance (3)

A
  1. ^ efflux (dominant)
  2. interference w/ ribo-tetra binding
  3. enzymatic inactibation of tetracycline
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4
Q

Tetracycline is _____ so will bind w/ cations. Will bind w/ divalent cations (Ca++) (weak teeth, bone, baby’s bone)

A

anion,

pregnancy cat D

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5
Q

Tetracycline ADRs

A
  1. brown teeth
  2. HAIRY tongue
  3. < 8 yo children
  4. sun sensitivity
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6
Q

protein synth inhibitor–binds to 50s ribo subunit–it is _______.

A

Macrolides (azithromycin),

bacteriostatic

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7
Q

Azithromycin good against (6) (Gram +&- and spirocetes)

A
  1. “atypical” bacteria
  2. Moraxella
  3. Haemophilus
  4. Legionella
  5. Neisseria
  6. Chlamydia trachomatis
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8
Q

Indications for Azithromycin (6)

A
  1. CAP (mild)
  2. pharyngitis/tonsillitis
  3. skin/skin sturcture infections
  4. sinuitis
  5. chancroid
  6. urethritis
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9
Q

ADR’s of Azithromycin (least of the macrolides–doesn’t inhibit CYP 450) (take w/ water)

A
  1. QT PROLONGATION (arythmia potentially fatal)
  2. GI disturbance
  3. hypersensitivity
  4. liver toxicity
  5. syphilis
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10
Q

Also inhibits protein synth–binding to 50s–negative interaction w/ azithromycin

A

Clindamycin (bad w/ Gram -)

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11
Q

Clindamycin (^$) good for

A
  1. Gram + anaerobes
  2. PLASMODIUM (malaria)
  3. S. pyogenes
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12
Q

Clindamycin good alternative to (2)

A
  1. penicillin
  2. azithromycin
    (class these together in mind)
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13
Q

CDAD

A

chlostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (Clindamycin)

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14
Q

passively diffuse through porins (Gram -) –IRREVERSIBLY (thus bacteriocidal) bind to 30s–inhibit protein synth

A

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin) – often parred w/ vancomicin (cell wall inhibitor)

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15
Q

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin) indicated for (narrow window)

A
  1. Bacteremia
  2. sepsis
  3. endocarditis
  4. inhaled for cystic fibrosis
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16
Q
  • gentamicin ADRs (last line of defense due to high ADRs)
A
  1. Ototoxicity (ataxia/deafness)
  2. Nephrotoxicity
  3. NMJ blockage (weakness)
17
Q

kills of stem cells in bones–protein synth inhibitor–REVERSIBLY binds ribo

A

Chloramphenicol

18
Q

Inhibits synthesis of cell wall via interfering w/ cell wall PRECURSORS

A

Glycopeptides (vancomycin) (bactericidal)

19
Q

Vancomycin ADRs

A
  1. Red Man syndrome
  2. ototoxicity
  3. nephrotoxicity
20
Q

Bacteriocidal–inhibit DNA gyrase–Gram +&-

Broad spectrum

A

Fluoroquinolones (CIPROfloxacin, LEVOflaxacin)

21
Q
  • Fluoroquinolones great for ______ – imp ADR
A 
Gram -,
tendon rupture (^ imp for kids)
22
Q

ADRs for all antibiotics

A
  1. GI
  2. secondary infection
  3. hypersensitivity rxn
23
Q

folate antagonists–bac make their own folate from PABA

A

Sulfonamides (“sulfa drugs”)

24
Q

imp Sulfonamide

A

Sulfamethoxazole (this -azole not an antifungal)

25
Q
  • Sulfa drug ADRs
A
  1. Steven-Johnson syndrom
  2. Toxic epidermal necrolysis
    (can be fatal–but imp if no other choice)
26
Q

Prodrug that enters pathogen damages DNA– Not good against Staph, strep, and E. coli, but treats wide variety of pathogens that other classes don’t effect

A

metronidazole – produce free radicals w/ in cell

27
Q

metronidazole (flagyl) good against

A
  1. Gram +&- ANAEROBES (not many that do this)
  2. protozoa
  3. fungi
  4. CDIF
  5. Giardia
  6. Trichomoniasis vaginalis
28
Q

Metronidazole ADRs

A
  1. Black box–carcinogenic in mice
  2. avoid ALCOHOL (will get sick)
  3. be careful w. warfarin
  4. GI flora disturbance

Infection and Immunology (17 decks)

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