Derm Flashcards
Normal skin flora
- Staph epidermis
- corynebacterium (diphtheroids)
- various streptococci–(Group A, pyogenes, Group B)
- Candida albicans
lice (2)
Pediculus capitis (scalp) P. corporis (body) Phthirus pubis (crabs)
Lice treatment wide-scale
Permethrin, combs, launder
scabies aka,
inflamed crusty lesion w/in 1-4 wks
Sarcoptes scabiei (8 legs),
scabies treatment
Permethrin–burrow into skin folds
DNA Poxvirus–infects skin and mucous membranes–Pearl white to flesh colored, “umbilicated” papules–skin or mucous membranes
Molluscum Contagiosum–“firm, dome-shaped papules” “curd-like material filled”
Treatment for molluscum Contagiosum
Self-limiting–6 months
Varicella Zoster Virus:
Adults:
children:
-Herpes Zoster (shingles)–dermatome itch, burn, throb pain
-Chickenpox–fever/ rash–2 wk incubation
(vesicles crust and scab)
shingles treatment
Acyclovir–w/ in 72 hrs
DNA papovavirus that multiplies in nuclei of epighelial cells–WARTS–
Human Papilloma Virus,
HPV treatments
- cryotherapy–liquid nitrogen
- topical
- surgery
Replication location:
DNA:
vs RNA:
MOST WILL HAVE PRODROMAL PHASE
- nucleaus of infected cell
- cytoplasm
Measles aka–RNA virus Paramyxovierdae–IgM tested
Rubeola
Measles phases–2 wk incubation
- prodromal phase: fever, malais, coryza (flu-like)
2. Exanthem phase: fever, cough, rash
Rubeola physical findings
- Koplik spots next to molars
- “BLUISH” lesion
RNA paramyxovirus infection–acute, systemic, communicable–“SCROTAL EDEMA”– “PAROTID GLANDS SWELLING”
Mumps–
Mumps treatment
- acetaminophen
- supportive (R&R)
Rubella aka –RNA togavirus–LYMPHADENOPATHY–
German Measles–RASH moves face down
FIFTH DISEASE–DNA Paravovirus B19–
Erythema Infectiousm–
- “slapped cheek” first stage
- 2nd stage rash spreads distally
- rash several weeks
Erythema infectiousum treatments
- SUPPORTIVE
- NSAIDS
- immunosuppressed IVIG
Spreading inflammation of DERMIS AND SUBQ tissue–pain, redness, LYMPHANGITIS (red streaks up arm)–causes
cellulitis & abscess (likely Staph)
-usually from break in skin, burn, lesion, bite
hand, foot, and mouth aka
coxackie
cellulitis treatment 1st and 2nd line
1st line Cephalexin
2nd if MRSA suspected: Trimethoprim/sulfamethaxazole, doxycycline, clindamycin
treatment for abscess
incision and drainage I&D w/ gram stain of pus– +/- antibiotic –may not be clear-cut btwn cellulitis/abscess
Impetigo types and causes
Bullous (fluid filled): Staph aureus (exfoliating toxin)
Nonbullous: S. aureus & A beta-hemolytic strep
Impetigo treatment
- topical Mupirocin for mild
- systemic cephalexin or for MRSA (almost always abscesses)
“honey crusting” think
Impetigo
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever from:
“blanching macular pink rash” beginning on ankles, wrist, forearms ==> trunk
Rickettsia Rickettsii–similar to Lyme w/out target
Rocky mountain spotted fever treatment
Doxycycline same as Lyme
Secondary infection of foot ulcer–pressure, neruopathy, peripheral arterial disease. Name and cause
Diabetic Foot Ulcers (low immune system)
S. aureus, S. agalctiae, S. pyogenes
Inflammation of nail fold name and etiology–associated w/ ingrown toenail–most common hand&foot infection
- Paronychia,
- Candida sp. or S. aureus
main fungal infectant
Candida albicans (unicellular)
Paronychia treatment
- I & D
2. empiric antibiotics
Spirochete bac STD–ENDOTOXIN LPS–Primary, Secondary, Tertiary phases– cause & phases
Treponema pallidum,
- “painless ulcer”
- lymphadenopathy and rash
- menigitis, psychosis, neuropathies
Syphilis treatment
- Penicillin G
2. Doxycycline for allergic
Tick-borne bacterial infection w/ three stages
Lyme (BOB) Borrelia burgdorferi (endotoxin--resists phaocytosis)
Lyme bullseye aka
Erythema migrans–NSAIDS
Lyme treatment
- Doxycycline
2. NSAIDS
