Lab Exams + Virus Intro Flashcards
gold standard for ID + considerations
-Culture- (if it won't change treatment--don't do it) For write up to lab 1. the right media 2. specimen source 3. time
For bac w/ “waxy cell wall” that Gram doesn’t work for
Acid-Fast stain–i.e. mycobacterium TB
red=”acid fast”
Useful for legionella and pneumocystis
fluorescent stain
India ink stain will show ______
halo for encapsulated bac
KOH + wet mounts (candida)
-dissolves epithelial cells–for protozoa and fungi
-no staining
-
Immunologic testing mneumo
i.e. antigen–>antibody
WE CAP
Western Blot–protein on gel–rxn w/ target antigen-HIV confirmatory
Enzyme immunoassays (ELISA)–detect&quantify antibodies–^sensitivity (HIV)
Complement fixation–measures degree of complement fixation–IgM and IgG antibody titers, viral and fungal
Agglutination–if target is present -will be AGGLUTINATION
Precipitation–antigen-antibody complexes w/in gel
Susceptibility testing
how susceptible to antibiotic
1. susceptible (sensitive) to antibiotic X
2. Intermediate (indeterminate)
3. resistant
halo diameter will determine–“zone of inhibition”
WBC count components (2)
- total WBC# in venous blood: 4K-10.5K
2. Differential Count: % of each type of leukocyte
most common polymorphic neucleocyte–Shift
Neutrophil – 70% of leukocytes
- shift to left–2 lobes vs. mature 4 lobes – BACTERIAL
- shift to right– predominante 4 lobes–liver disease, gluco use
T cells
B cells
(chronic bac/acute viral)
- cellular immunity
- humoral immunity (antibody production)
allergic rxn
eosinophil
basophil
irregular monocyte-like nucleus w/in enlarged dysmorphic lymphocyte
atypical lymphocyte–may be from bac/viral infection
WBC count goes ____ as we age
down
Viral envelope (can be envelped or nonenveloped) ____ from host cell–____ surrounds DNA OR RNA
Buds (thus have cell surface antigens),
capsid
Envelped virus ex.S
Herpesvirus
Rabies
Capsid types 2)
- icosahedral symmetry capsids
- helical symmetry capsids
RNA virus types
- Positive straded +
- Negative stranded - (need RNA polymerase)
- RNA retroviruse (HIV)
Imp RNA viruses (6)
Orthomyxoviridae Paramyxovirdae Togaviridae Coronaviridae Rhabdoviridae Retroviridae
Influenza virusess A, B, C–have glycoproteins, hemagglutinin Activity HA, Neuraminidase activity (NA)
Orthomyxoviridae–respiratory viruses needed for absorption–shift of HA & NA change each season
Virus causing: Mumps, measles, parainfluenza virus
Paramyxoviridae–mainly upper respiratory
Paramyxoviridae across ages
No HA and NA
imp. WINTER AND SPRING in INFANTS AND CHILDREN
adults–URI flu-like
children–Croup–stridor, braking cough
parotitis and orchitits if gets into blood–URI and regional lymph nodes mainly
Mumps virus–paramyxoviridae
Koplik spots
Measles–10 day incubation
Liver viruses
RNA: Hepatitis A,C,D,E,G
DNA: Hepatitis B
cause of cold indistinguishable from rhinovirus
corona virus (coronaviridae)–>SARS
Rhinovirus–hand-hand spread
picornaviridae
spread fecal-oral–intestinal epithelial and tonsilar
enterovirus (picornaviridae)
Peyer’s patch and motor neurons attached
poliovirus (picornaviridae)
vesicle formation – often in throat
coxsackie viruses A or B and herpes
template for DNA —> mRNA–> protein
positive strand
DNA viruses (3)
- Herpesviridae (vesicles) –clear-fluid filled pouch)
- Poxviridae
- Papovaviridae
Multinucleated giant cells and intranuclear inclusion bodies
Herpesviidae (Varicella Zoster Virus, Epstein-Bar Virus)
smallpox
poxviridae
Papoviridae
Papilloma virus–squamous epithelial cells
