Lab Exams + Virus Intro

Question 1

gold standard for ID + considerations

Answer 1

-Culture- (if it won't change treatment--don't do it)
For write up to lab
1. the right media
2. specimen source
3. time

Question 2

For bac w/ “waxy cell wall” that Gram doesn’t work for

Answer 2

Acid-Fast stain–i.e. mycobacterium TB

red=”acid fast”

Question 3

Useful for legionella and pneumocystis

Answer 3

fluorescent stain

Question 4

India ink stain will show ______

Answer 4

halo for encapsulated bac

Question 5

KOH + wet mounts (candida)

Answer 5

-dissolves epithelial cells–for protozoa and fungi
-no staining
-

Question 6

Immunologic testing mneumo

i.e. antigen–>antibody

Answer 6

WE CAP
Western Blot–protein on gel–rxn w/ target antigen-HIV confirmatory
Enzyme immunoassays (ELISA)–detect&quantify antibodies–^sensitivity (HIV)
Complement fixation–measures degree of complement fixation–IgM and IgG antibody titers, viral and fungal
Agglutination–if target is present -will be AGGLUTINATION
Precipitation–antigen-antibody complexes w/in gel

Question 7

Susceptibility testing

Answer 7

how susceptible to antibiotic
1. susceptible (sensitive) to antibiotic X
2. Intermediate (indeterminate)
3. resistant
halo diameter will determine–“zone of inhibition”

Question 8

WBC count components (2)

Answer 8

1. total WBC# in venous blood: 4K-10.5K

2. Differential Count: % of each type of leukocyte

Question 9

most common polymorphic neucleocyte–Shift

Answer 9

Neutrophil – 70% of leukocytes

1. shift to left–2 lobes vs. mature 4 lobes – BACTERIAL
2. shift to right– predominante 4 lobes–liver disease, gluco use

Question 10

T cells
B cells
(chronic bac/acute viral)

Answer 10

• cellular immunity

- humoral immunity (antibody production)

Question 11

allergic rxn

Answer 11

eosinophil

basophil

Question 12

irregular monocyte-like nucleus w/in enlarged dysmorphic lymphocyte

Answer 12

atypical lymphocyte–may be from bac/viral infection

Question 13

WBC count goes ____ as we age

Answer 13

down

Question 14

Viral envelope (can be envelped or nonenveloped) ____ from host cell–____ surrounds DNA OR RNA

Answer 14

Buds (thus have cell surface antigens),

capsid

Question 15

Envelped virus ex.S

Answer 15

Herpesvirus

Rabies

Question 16

Capsid types 2)

Answer 16

• icosahedral symmetry capsids

- helical symmetry capsids

Question 17

RNA virus types

Answer 17

1. Positive straded +
2. Negative stranded - (need RNA polymerase)
3. RNA retroviruse (HIV)

Question 18

Imp RNA viruses (6)

Answer 18

Orthomyxoviridae
Paramyxovirdae
Togaviridae
Coronaviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Retroviridae

Question 19

Influenza virusess A, B, C–have glycoproteins, hemagglutinin Activity HA, Neuraminidase activity (NA)

Answer 19

Orthomyxoviridae–respiratory viruses needed for absorption–shift of HA & NA change each season

Question 20

Virus causing: Mumps, measles, parainfluenza virus

Answer 20

Paramyxoviridae–mainly upper respiratory

Question 21

Paramyxoviridae across ages
No HA and NA
imp. WINTER AND SPRING in INFANTS AND CHILDREN

Answer 21

adults–URI flu-like

children–Croup–stridor, braking cough

Question 22

parotitis and orchitits if gets into blood–URI and regional lymph nodes mainly

Answer 22

Mumps virus–paramyxoviridae

Question 23

Koplik spots

Answer 23

Measles–10 day incubation

Question 24

Liver viruses

Answer 24

RNA: Hepatitis A,C,D,E,G
DNA: Hepatitis B

Question 25

cause of cold indistinguishable from rhinovirus

Answer 25

corona virus (coronaviridae)–>SARS

Question 26

Rhinovirus–hand-hand spread

Answer 26

picornaviridae

Question 27

spread fecal-oral–intestinal epithelial and tonsilar

Answer 27

enterovirus (picornaviridae)

Question 28

Peyer’s patch and motor neurons attached

Answer 28

poliovirus (picornaviridae)

Question 29

vesicle formation – often in throat

Answer 29

coxsackie viruses A or B and herpes

Question 30

template for DNA —> mRNA–> protein

Answer 30

positive strand

Question 31

DNA viruses (3)

Answer 31

1. Herpesviridae (vesicles) –clear-fluid filled pouch)
2. Poxviridae
3. Papovaviridae

Question 32

Multinucleated giant cells and intranuclear inclusion bodies

Answer 32

Herpesviidae (Varicella Zoster Virus, Epstein-Bar Virus)

Question 33

smallpox

Answer 33

poxviridae

Question 34

Papoviridae

Answer 34

Papilloma virus–squamous epithelial cells