Antivirals + Antiparasitic

Question 1

Viral replication pathway (5)–antivirals work by disrupting one of these steps

Answer 1

1. virus transmitted (airborne vs. contact)
2. cell membrane penetration
3. virus uncoats dumps genetci info into host cell
4. host cell reads viral genetic material vs. retrovirus
5. once proteins assembled–enzymes assemble and send out

Question 2

most antivirals work by …

Answer 2

inhibiting synthesis of genetic material (step 4)

Question 3

Antiherpetic Agent

Answer 3

Acyclovir

Question 4

Herpes disease course (double stranded DNA)

Answer 4

1. Primary infection
2. Latency
3. recurrence or reemergence

Question 5

Same family: HSV1, HSV2, VCV –common manifestations

Answer 5

1. ITCHY & PAINFUL skin vesicles

2. Treated w/ same antivirals (ACYCLOVIR/ valacyclovir)

Question 6

Acyclovir prodrug (only shortens duration doesn’t get rid of virus)

Answer 6

Valacyclovir – gets incorporated into viral DNA, but not functional

Question 7

Acyclovir:
ADRs:
DIs:

Answer 7

• GI disturbance, nephrotoxicity

- DON’T GIVE AN ANTIVIRAL WHEN TRYING TO VACCINATE

Question 8

anti-influenza virus drug class (doesn’t help much)

Answer 8

Neuroaminidase inhibitors (influenza A and B) (tamiflu)

Question 9

Neuroaminidase inhibitor antivirals ADRs

Answer 9

1. GI disturbance

2. headache/ fatigue (longterm)

Question 10

Antiretroviral MO’s

Answer 10

1. Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors NRTI (HIV, Hep B)
2. Non-nucleoside Revrs Transcriptase Inhibitors (“naive HIV)
3. Protease Inhibitors (HIV)
4. Integrase inhibitors INSTI (HIV)
5. Fusion and Entry (HIV)

Question 11

Antiretrovirals can treat:

ADRs

Answer 11

• -HIV, hepatitis B,

- -metabolic disturbance, peripheral neuropathy, low GI

Question 12

Antiviral interferons

Answer 12

Hep B and C

Question 13

Ribavirin

Answer 13

treats HCV – pregnancy cat X

Question 14

Antiparasitic:

interfere w/ Plasmodium’s ability to detoxify hemoglobin metabolites

Answer 14

Quinolines (chloroquine) don’t confuse w/ quinolones

Question 15

Quinolines ADR’s (4)

Answer 15

1. QT prolongation
2. hemolysis
3. Hypoglycemia
4. psychiatric (insomnia, vivid dreams)

Question 16

Interferes w/ elongation of the microtubules that are responsible for parasitic cellular structure–disrupts growth and division

Answer 16

Benzimidazoles (MEBENDAZOLE) –don’t be fooled by the -azole –not antifungal

Question 17

Mebendazole excellent at killing (4) because its secreted in feces–not absorbed well

Answer 17

1. Pinworms (nematode) – common in kids
2. Hookworm (nematode)
3. roundworm (nematode)
4. tapeworms (cestode)

Question 18

Mebendazole ADR’s

Answer 18

1. dying parasites release antigens –> allergic rxn
2. GI disurbance
3. Teratogenic in rats