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Infection and Immunology > GI / GU > Flashcards

GI / GU Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Flora of small intestine

A
  1. Lactobacillus

2. Enterococcus

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2
Q

Normal Flora of large intestine:
Aerobic/ facultative anaerobic:
Anaerobic:
Yeast:

A
  • Enterococcus, Gram- bacilli, (E. coli)
  • Clostridium, Bacteroides
  • Candida
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3
Q

Inflammation/ infection of stomach

A

Gastritis

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4
Q

main etiology of gastritis

A
  • Helicobacter pylori
  • Viral
  • v imbalance in protective factors
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5
Q

Upset stomach

A

dyspepsia

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6
Q

A disruption of the mucosal integrity of stomach/duodenum–most likely cause

A
  • Peptic ulcer disease PUD (bloody feces)

- H. pylori–“urea breath test”

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7
Q

Gallbladder infections (3) and most common causes (3). _________ may cause diarrhea

A
  • Acute cholecystitis, cholangitis, biliary sepsis
  • Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella)
  • Enterotoxins
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8
Q

Gallbladder infection not caused by obstruction (sone, stricture, neoplasm) of bile duct–treatment

A
  1. analgesics
  2. IV antibiotics
  3. surgical consult
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9
Q

Viral hepatitis

A

A, B, C, D (D in presence of B), E, CMV, HSV, parvovirus B19, mono

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10
Q

CMV, HSV

A

cytomegaly virus

herpes simplex virus

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11
Q

hepatocellular damage and inflammation (video)

A

hepatitis (usually viral, but may be toxins i.e. alcohol)

  • -fatigue, “TEA-COLORED URINE”, pale stools, malaise
  • -jaundice, fever, hepatomegaly
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12
Q
  • fecal-oral transmitted hepatitis

- parenterally or STI transmitted

A
  • A&E

- B,C,D

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13
Q

Hepatitis treatments

A
  1. supportive

2. avoid alcohol

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14
Q

hepatic abscess may be caused by–Pus-filled cavity in liver (may present like hepatitis–later ^ fever, ^ jaundice, sepsis)

A
  1. Enterobacteriaceae (esp. Klebsiella),
  2. Bacteroides,
  3. enterococci
  4. amebic (tropics)
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15
Q

Treat hepatic abscess w/

A
  1. IV antibiotics

2. admission

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16
Q

LFT

A

liver function tests

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17
Q

Liver Function Test: (if hepatitis suspected)

  1. liver injury:
  2. livery function:
  3. Liver as a filter:
A

1-measure AST, ALT, alk phosph
2-Protein synth: albumin and INR,
Glucogeneogenesis: Serum glucose
3-Total BILIRUBIN

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18
Q
  • Acute pancreatitis etiologies (2)
A
  1. gallbladder/ biliary tract disease

2. alcohol

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19
Q

Tests for pancreatitis

A

serum amylase and lipase, serum trypsin, ultrasound

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20
Q

Pancreatitis treatment

A
  1. IV analgesia (very painful)
  2. fluids
  3. antibiotics
  4. parenteral nutrition
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21
Q

For GI infection think

A

Enterobacteriaceae

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22
Q

classic appendicitis history (rebound tenderness at McBurney’s)
-treatment

A
  1. anorexia
  2. abdominal pain RLQ/flank –worse on palpation/bumping
  3. N&V some diarrhea/constipation
    - surgery/antibiotics
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23
Q

Diverticulitis history

A
  1. LLQ pain / fever
  2. tenderness
  3. NVD
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24
Q

Diverticula that aren’t inflammed or bleeding

A

diverticulosis

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25
Q

Diverticulitis treatment–get CT if unsure

A
  1. rest / antibiotics (metronidazole)
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26
Q

increased frequency or volume of stool (3 or more liquid or semisolid stools daily for 2-3 consecutive days)

A

diarrhea

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27
Q

bloody diarrhea w/ fever indicates invasive organisms or

A

Inflammatory bowel disease ==> inflamatory diarrhea

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28
Q

large volume of diarrhea w/ out inflammation

A

Secratory diarrhea

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29
Q

diarrhea almost always caused by Clostridium difficile

A

antibiotic-associated diarrhea

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30
Q

Bacterial infectious diarrhea caused by

A

Gram - rods

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31
Q

virus causing NVD from food–watery diarrhea lasting 1-2 days

A

norovirus

32
Q

virus causing NVD from PTP–watery diarrea lasting 5-8 days

A

rotavirus

33
Q

treatment for Giardia lamblia–water, PTP -treatment

A
  1. Metronidazole
34
Q

bloody diarrhea treatment

A

cipro

35
Q

Infection of any/all of urethra, bladder, ureter, kidney

A

UTI

36
Q

UTI treatment

A
  1. Nitrofurantoin 7 days
  2. Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole 3 days
  3. Cipro if pyelonephritis suspected (infection ascended into kidney)
37
Q
  • main acute cystitis and female urinary tract infection etiology
A

E. coli

38
Q

main pyelonephritis pathogen

A

E. coli

39
Q

For GU infection think

A

E. coli

40
Q

Pyelonephritis findings

A

fever, dysuria (frequency/ urgency)

CVA tenderness, palpable and tender kidney

41
Q

Pyelonephritis treatment

A

Cipro outpatient usually

42
Q

Pt under 35 prostatitis likely from

A
  1. N. gonorrheae

2. Klebsiella spp

43
Q

narrowing of foreskin that may predispose man to infection

A

Phimosis

44
Q

Prostatitis history

A

malaise, fever, chills, Pain (low back, abdominal, DEEP rectal, or pelvic) dysuria

45
Q

prostatitis tests

A
  1. urine pre and post massage

2. culture

46
Q

prostatitis treatment

A

Quinolone 4-6 wks

47
Q

epididymitis prepubertal boys cause

A

Escherichia coli

48
Q

men younger than 35 years epididymitis cause

A
  1. Chlamydia trachmatis

2. neisseria gonorrheae

49
Q

men older than 35 yo epididymitis cause

A
  1. E. coli

2. Pseudomonas species

50
Q

Balantitis likely causes–pain and tenderness–treatment after culture

A
  1. Candida (antifungal)

2. Group B strep (bacitracin)

51
Q

Urethritis causes–inflammation usually caused by STD

A

Neisseria gonorrheae

52
Q

most common cause of orchitis–labs–history comes into play

A
  • Mumps or other viruses/bac

- viral study for mumps

53
Q

Genital Lesions (5)

A
  1. Herpes simplex virus (grouped vesicles)
  2. Treponema pallidum (syphilis–painless)
  3. haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid)
  4. Chlamydia trachomatis
  5. Klebsiella granulomatis
54
Q

Normal flora reproductive system:
Male:
Female:

A

-sterile
-Lactobacilli, Group B strep, E. coli, Staph epidermidis
(thus women may get yeast infection w/ antibiotics)

55
Q

A clinical syndrom arising from infection that may involve any or all of the following: uterus, fallopian tuves, ovaries, peritoneal surfaces, and contiguous structures.

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

56
Q

PID history

A

lower abdominal and pelvic pain, vaginal discharge, dysuria

57
Q

PID treatment

A

antibiotics

58
Q

opportunistic infection of mucous membranes and skin caused by yeast–name and cause

A
  • Candidiasis

- Candida albicans

59
Q

PID uterus cuases

A
  1. N gonorrhoeae
  2. Chlamydia
  3. Bacteroides
60
Q

PID cervix causes

A
  1. N gonorhoeae
  2. Chlamydia
  3. HSV
  4. Trichomonas
61
Q

Vaginitis causes

A
  1. Trichomonas vaginalis
  2. Chlamydia
  3. Gardnerella vaginalis
  4. Gonorrhoeae
62
Q

Diaper rash and culcovaginal skin rash (yeast infection)? / history

A
  • candidiasis

- ODDORLESS vaginal discharge resembling CURD/ COTTAGE CHEESE, redness, edema

63
Q

Local painful inflammation of the breast, which may or may not be accompanied by infeciton, flulike symptoms, and abscess formation

A

Abscess and Mastitis (breast ABSCESS and CELLULITIS)

64
Q

Likely cause of mastitis

A

Staph aureus or Strep

65
Q

For skin infection think

A

Staph aureus or Strep species or Candida

66
Q

Classic Neisseria gonorrhoeae Symptoms:
Males:
Females:

A
  • dysuria and “PURULENT discharge”

- Vaginal discharge, dysuria, 50-80% asymptmatic

67
Q

2nd most common STI, Oblicage intracellular bacterial parasite

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

68
Q

Classic Chlamydia trachomatis Symptoms:
male:
female:

A
  • “WHITISH/CLEAR discharge”, dysuria (gonorrhea purulent),

- Most asymptomatic, mild discharge, pain

69
Q

Chancroid think

A

Haemophilus ducreyi (gram - coccobacilli)

70
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi Symptoms/Dx (Asia/Africa)

male:

A
  • painful vesiculopusular lesion, nodules, on inguinal canal

- Gram stain bubo aspirate

71
Q

“Beefy red ulcers” and “purulent discharge

A

Kelbsiella (Granuloma Inguinale)

72
Q

“DONOVAN BODIES” think

A

Klebsiella

73
Q

HSV type I in

A

mouth

74
Q

HSV type 2 in–PE–Tx

A
  • Genitals
  • vesicles present
  • Acyclovir
75
Q

“Copious FOUL-SMELLING vaginal discharge”–“motile organisms”

A

Trichomonas vaginalis–urethritis in men

76
Q

Tx for Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole

Infection and Immunology (17 decks)

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