Neuro

Question 1

meningitis etiology

Answer 1

90% viral (enteroviruse, RNA viruses)
10% bacterial
Fungal (Candida)

Question 2

Bacterial menigitis etiology:
Neonate:
Children/Adults:

Answer 2

• Strep agalactiae

- 1. Strep pneumoniae 2. Neisseria meningitidies 3. Haemophilus influenza type B

Question 3

fever, headache, stiff neck think –tests

Answer 3

meningitis,

lumbar puncture w/ CSF analysis

Question 4

Petechial rash w/ ________ _________

Answer 4

Neisseria meningitidis

Question 5

Encephalitis main etiologies (3)

Answer 5

1. HSV 1&2
2. West Nile virus
3. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 6

Inflammation of brain, often resulting from an unusual complication from a common viral infection

Answer 6

encephalitis

Question 7

encephalitis PE–Tx

Answer 7

• AMS, delirium

- IV antibiotics

Question 8

Focal area of infection that develops into a space-occupying lesion–etiology

Answer 8

• Abscess,

- Streptococci, Bacteroides, Enterobacteriaceae

Question 9

Brain abscess often spread from _________ of nasal sinus, otitis media, pul or dental infections.

Answer 9

osteomyelitis

Question 10

Brain abscess PE (4)

Answer 10

1. focal neuro deficit
2. toxic
3. nuchal rigidity
4. AMS

Question 11

Brain abscess treatments

Answer 11

1. antibiotics/ antifungals

2. anticonvulsants

Question 12

Anaerobic, gram +, spore-forming bacillus found in soil–txin can get into food (“canned foods”)

Answer 12

Clostridium botulinum–> Botulism

Question 13

Botulism MO

Answer 13

Toxin inhibits the release of Ach at neuromuscular junction–>paralysis

Question 14

babies < 1 yo–honey

Answer 14

may ingest spores –> toxin in LI

Question 15

C. botulinum History:

Answer 15

1. neurological deficits

2. weakness/paralysis

Question 16

C. botulinum treatment

Answer 16

ICU, mechanical vent, antitoxin

Question 17

Clostridium tetani (environmental i.e. rusty nail) PE

Answer 17

neurotoxin binds to peripheral nerve terminals –blocking inhibitory influence–>1. painful muscle spasms 2. lockjaw

Question 18

Clostridium treatment

Answer 18

1. airway

2. benzos until axons regenerate

Question 19

C. tetani prevention

Answer 19

immunizationTdaP

Question 20

RNA Rhabdovirus transmitted via saliva of WILD animals–leading to PAIN and PARASTHESIAS at site

Answer 20

Rabies

Question 21

Rabies treatment

Answer 21

Rabies immune globulin RIG