Protein Flashcards
Function of PRO
maintenance and regulation of bodily functions, growth, repair, and response to injury, can be converted to glucose or fat or burned as a last-resort energy source
Amino acids are precursors of …
proteins, neurotransmitters, nucleotides, melanin, thyroid hormone, histamine, peptides
Roles of PRO in blood:
- ___ PRO: transport nutrients, function in clotting, pH buffering, regulation of fluid balance
- Red blood cells: ___ transports O2
- ___ blood cells: antibodies
plasma
hemoglobin
white
Tissue PRO
enzymes, structural, membrane receptors/carriers
Secretory PRO
digestive enzymes, human milk PRO, hormones, growth factor, apolipoproteins
How do PRO become amino acids?
they are denatured or the bond between them is cleaved by an enzyme
How can nutrition be used to treat some single-gene disorders?
by providing the necessary a.a. from dietary PRO
Nutritional genomics
examines interactions of genes and nutrients
Nutrigenics
examines how genes influence nutrients
nutrigenomics
examines how nutrients influence genes
Nutrient regulation of gene expression:
- nutrients and ___ can interact directly with genetic ___ that turn genes on or off, ___ or ___ gene expression (can also be indirectly via ___ products)
- ___ or ___ a gene leads to increase or decrease in synthesis of specific ___
- this affects a persons ___
phytochemicals/signals activating/silencing metabolism activation/silencing PRO health
Nitrogen balance =
N intake - fecal N - urinary N
___ N balance: healthy for adults
positive: normal for ___
negative: signals a problem or dietary ___
zero
growth
deficiency
Deamination produces ___ and ___ acid. ___ is the process of the body making nonessential ___ from keto acids. Since ___ is toxic, it is combined with CO2 in the liver to make ___ which is excreted
ammonia/keto/transamination
a.a.
ammonia
urea
Kidney function:
- blood flows into the ___, some fluid and nutrients are absorbed
- fluid and substances ___ by the body are ___ via vessels in the tubule
- Tubule passes waste to the ___ to be excreted
glomerulus
needed/absorbed
bladder