Lipids

Question 1

Three classes of lipids

Answer 1

triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols

Question 2

what is fats role in the body?

Answer 2

energy stores, muscle fuel, emergency reserve of fuel, padding, insulation, membranes, raw materials to convert

Question 3

What is fats role in foods?

Answer 3

nutrient, energy source, raw material, sensory appeal, increases satiety, gives desirable texture

Question 4

Fatty acids structure:

Answer 4

carbohydrate chain with a methyl group on one end and a carboxylic group on the other

Question 5

___ C is a long chain, ___ is a medium chain, ___ is a short chain

Answer 5

12-24/6-10/<6

Question 6

Coconut oil: mostly ___ acid, high in ___ chain f.a., behaves somewhere between a vegetable oil and an animal fat

Answer 6

Lauric/medium

Question 7

phospholipid structure:

Answer 7

phosphate group+glycerol+2 f.a.

Question 8

sterol structure

Answer 8

C rings with side chains that differentiate them

Question 9

sterols are made in the ___

Answer 9

liver

Question 10

Cholesterol: only in ___ products, made by the ___, used to make ___ acids, ___, vitamin ___, as a ___ component in cells, inhibited by ___

Answer 10

animal/liver
bile/hromones/D/structural
plant sterols

Question 11

Essential f.a.:
linoleic (___:___ n-___)
linolenic (___:___ n-___)

Answer 11

18/2/6

18/3/3

Question 12

eicosanoids:

Answer 12

n-6 family: increase blood clotting, platelet aggregation, blood pressure, and risk of CVD
n-3 family: decrease all these things

Question 13

n-6 and n-3 eicosanoids should be consumed in ___

Answer 13

balance

Question 14

Omega-3 f.a.
RDA:
sources:

Answer 14

1g/day

fish and fish oils

Question 15

Lipoproteins: ___ interior with ___, surrounded by ___, PRO covers the structure. ___ exterior allows them to travel through blood stream

Answer 15

triglyceride/cholesterol/phospholipids

Hydrophilic

Question 16

sizes of lipoproteins:

Answer 16

chylomicrons>VLDL>LDL>HDL

Question 17

HDL

Answer 17

formed by liver cells, pick up cholesterol from body cells and deliver it to the liver to excrete

Question 18

VLDL

Answer 18

formed by the liver, deliver lipids to body cells and eventually become LDL

Question 19

LDL

Answer 19

formed by VLDL with lipids removed, delivers lipids to body cells r returns to liver

Question 20

chylomicrons

Answer 20

formed by intestinal cells using dietary lipids, deliver dietary lipids to cells and eventually become remnants which are removed by the liver

Question 21

Fat cell structure and growth

Answer 21

contain a large central globule of pure fats, new triglycerides form droplets at the periphery of the cell and eventually merge with the inner globule which grows, cell membrane expands along with the central globule

Question 22

Fed state

Answer 22

increased insulin, chylomicrons, fat synthesis, lipogenesis VLDL

Question 23

Fasted state

Answer 23

decreased insulin, glucagon, increased hormone sensitivity

Question 24

Atherosclerosis

Answer 24

intercellular lipids and foam cells build in a fatty streak, fibrous plaque begins to form, it calcifies eventually and forms lesions, cause rough, rigid arteries with a narrow lumen

Question 25

How to decrease CVD

Answer 25

• unsaturated fats>saturated fats
• n-3 f.a.>n-6 f.a.
• lose weight
• exercise
• moderate alcohol consumption
• increase dietary soluble fibre
• choose low glycemic index foods
• eat plant sterols
• drug options

Question 26

DRI:
UL:

Answer 26

no AI

no UL