Alcohol Flashcards
One drink =
0.6oz pure ethanol = 341mL 5% = 142mL 12% = 43mL 40%
Recommendations:
- drink in moderation or not at all
- males: 15drinks/week, no more than 3/day
- females: 10 drinks/week, no more than 2/day
Is EtOH digested?
No, it is absorbed directly into the stomach
When alcohol enters the GI tract the stomach releases ___ and the small intestine prioritized ___
alcohol dehydrogenase/absorption
Liver cells receive alcohol-laden blood which disrupts ___, can permanently change liver ___, rate of metabolism depends on ___ and ___
activities
structure
acetaldehyde/ acetate
Inducible: adding alcohol = ___ and adding drugs = ___
decreased drug metabolism/decreased alcohol metabolism
Metabolic effects of alcohol consumption:
- less NAD+
- more H+
- acetyl-CoA produces fatty acids and ketones which leads to a fatty liver
- decreased glucogenesis = ketosis = decreased PRO synthesis
all of this leads to liver damage
Cirrhosis
irreversible liver damage cause by alcohol, hepatitis B/C or Fe toxicity (hemochromatosis), liver is constantly repairing itself but eventually damage builds up and impairs its function, treatment is a transplant or resection
What does alcohol do to the brain?
- frontal lobe
- midbrain
- cerebellum
- pons and medulla
- loss of judgement/reasoning
- loss of speech and vision capabilities
- loss of voluntary muscle control (coordination, motor skills, limb movements)
- respiration and heart rate are affected (causes unconsciousness and death)
What does BAC do to you?
- .02
- .05
- .08
- .10
- .15
- .20
- .30
- .40
- loss of judgement, altered mood
- exaggerated behaviour, loss of small muscle control, impaired judgement, lower alertness
- poor muscle control, impaired self control/reasoning/memory
- deteriorated reaction control, slurred speech, poor coordination, slow thinking
- minimal muscle control, loss of balance
- confusion, disorientation, blackout
- stupor, minimal comprehension
- lethal dose
Negatives of alcohol
empty calories (can lead to central obesity), compromises vitamin status, dehydration, increased f.a. synthesis, decreased PRO synthesis, increases PRO breakdown, decreased glucogenesis
Increases risks of:
hypertension, stroke, CVD, altered blood glucose, obesity, malnutrition, cirrhosis/liver disease, cancer, ulcers, arthritis, osteoporosis, depression, FASD, drunk driving accidents, falls, insomnia, alcoholism
Treatment:
abstinence, A.A., medication
signs of alcoholism:
higher tolerance, withdrawal symptoms when not drinking, anxiety, impaired control stopping drinking, disinterest in things that don’t involve drinking, large amount of time devoted to things involving alcohol, cravings, impaired ability to conduct normal life, ignoring physical/medical/legal/psychological/familial/employment/school problems exacerbated or caused by alcohol