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My BDS2 > Prosthodontics > Flashcards

Prosthodontics Flashcards

1
Q

What saddle determines the Kennedy class?

A

The most posterior

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2
Q

Define Kennedy Class I

A

Bilateral free end saddles

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3
Q

Define Kennedy Class II

A

Unilateral free end saddle

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4
Q

Define Kennedy Class III

A

Unilateral bounded saddle

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5
Q

Define Kennedy Class IIII

A

Anterior bounded saddle across the midline

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6
Q

What can Kennedy class IIII arches not have?

A

Modifications

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7
Q

What are modifications in arches?

A

Additional saddle areas (more than 1 saddle in an arch)

Most posterior saddle defines the Kennedy class.

Then do not count the saddle used to classify the arch in the modifications.

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8
Q

Define denture support.

A

Describes the resistance of a denture to occlusally directed load

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9
Q

Define Craddock classifications?

A

Tell you which type of support is used in the denture

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10
Q

Define Craddock Class 1.

A

Tooth borne support - forces directed through the PDL of the adjacent teeth

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11
Q

Define Craddock Class 2.

A

mucosa borne support
Large area is required to prevent resorption of the alveolar bone. (resorption occurs when large forces are applied over smaller areas)

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12
Q

Define Craddock Class 3.

A

Tooth and mucosa borne support

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13
Q

What is advised when placing a mucosally supported denture (class 2 or 3)

A

That the base is > 3mm from the gingival margin.

since mucosal tissues can compress

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14
Q

What is the preferred option for support?

A

Tooth support

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15
Q

What are the advantages of a tooth supported denture?

A

Gives patient a more natural feel since the load is directed down the PDL of the adjacent teeth. PDL contains mechnoreceptors whihc can gauge forces and texture.

More comfortable

Likely to stay in close contact with the supporting structures.

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16
Q

What are the disadvantages of a mucosally supported denture?

A

Have to cover a large area - reduces the occlusal table. (reduces natural sensation)

Can cause damage to the adjacent gingival margins

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17
Q

List the best teeth for support.

A

Best to worse;

Molars, canines, premolars and anteriors

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18
Q

What denture components provide support?

A

Rests

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19
Q

What kinds of rests are there?

A

Cingulum, incisal and occlusal

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20
Q

Where can cingula rests be used?

A

On canines and typically upper anteriors (cingulum more pronounced)

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21
Q

What are the disadvantages of incisal rests?

A

Interfere with occlusion

Not aesthetically pleasing

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22
Q

If there is a heavy contact with an opposing tooth, can an occlusal rest be used?

A

Yes if a rest seat is cut into the enamel.

23
Q

How deep should a rest seat be?

A

Between 1mm - 2mm

24
Q

What can happen if an occlusal rest is too small?

A

Can cause torking

Compromises the supporting tooth - could tilt.

25
Q

What is retention?

A

Resistance of the denture to vertical dislodging forces

26
Q

What are the two types of retention?

A

Direct

Indirect

27
Q

What is indirect retention?

A

Resistance to rotational displacement.

28
Q

How is direct retention achieved?

A

Mechanical means - i.e. engaging undercuts.

Muscular mean - the action of the patients musculature on the denture

Physical means - i.e. adhesion, cohesion, atmospheric pressure.

29
Q

What is the main form of retention?

A

Mechanical - Clasps engaging undercuts

30
Q

Where should the terminal end of a clasp be situated?

A

In the undercut you want to engage.

Usually;
Lingual aspect engaged - lower
Buccal aspect engaged - upper

31
Q

What are the types of clasps?

A

Occlusally approaching
Subdivides into occlusally approaching self reciprocating.

Gingivally approaching

32
Q

When are occlusally approaching clasps used?

A

In molars

33
Q

When are gingivally approaching clasps used?

A

Canines

Premolars

34
Q

How many clasps do you need in an arch?

A

1 on each side

However 3 is ideal to create the triangle of retention.

35
Q

What is the function of reciprocation in a denture?

A

It prevents continuous horizontal pressure of a tooth used for retention (clasped tooth)

If there was no reciprocation the tooth would move.

36
Q

What are the components of an RPI?

A

Mesial rest

Proximal plate

Gingivally approaching i-bar clasp

37
Q

When are RPIs typically used?

A

In mandibular free-end saddles

38
Q

What components can be used as indirect retainers?

A

Rests
Major connector/base
Minor connector

39
Q

Is a clasp required on every abutment tooth with a rest?

A

NO

40
Q

What is the function of minor Connectors?

A

Unite components of the denture, i.e. rests, to the major connector.

41
Q

What should be avoided when adding minor connectors and why?

A

Creating lots of windows.

Acts as a food/plaque trap

42
Q

What is the function of a major connector?

A

Joins components of one side of the arch to the other side of the arch.

43
Q

List examples of major connectors used in the lower arch.

A

Lingual bar

Lingual plate

44
Q

List examples of major connectors used in the upper arch.

A

Anterior posterior bar (ring design)

Mid palatal strap

Horseshoe bar

45
Q

List the guidelines for a successful major connector.

A

Avoid coverage of the gingival margins - can cause dragging and irritation.

Cover as little tissue as possible - keep natural sensation for the patient

Have as little edges as possible - uncomfortable for the patients tongue.

46
Q

What are the additional functions of a major connector?

A

Can extend on to the surfaces of teeth to act as indirect retention (prevent rotational displacement)

Can extend on to the surface of teeth to act as reciprocation - useful when there is limited crown height/ no significant undercuts

47
Q

What are the advantages of using a plate (major) connector ?

A

Thinner

Usually less edges

48
Q

What are the disadvantages of a plate (major) connector?

A

May cover gingival margins

Coves mucosa - patient loses natural sensation.

49
Q

What is the MINIMUM casting thickness of a plate connector?

A

0.45/0.5mm

50
Q

What is an advantage of using a bar (major) connector?

A

Less mucosal coverage - patient maintains natural sensation.

51
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a bar (major) connector?

A

Thicker

More edges for the tongue to explore = uncomfortable.

52
Q

How much space is required for a lingual bar?

A

8mm from the gingival margin to the functional floor of the mouth.

4mm for the bar
3mm from the gingival margin
1mm from the functional floor of the mouth

53
Q

What are the advantage of an open denture design?

A

Best option for oral health - clearing can occur.

Reduced gingival coverage = Less irritation to tissue

54
Q

When are occlusally approaching self reciprocating clasps used?

A

In lone standing molars

If there is a limited length between the undercut and the rest (go the other way around the tooth to achieve 15mm length)

My BDS2 (72 decks)

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