Local Anaesthetic Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

What are he two groups of local anaesthetics? Which is most commonly used?

A

Amide *** common

Ester

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2
Q

In terms of local anaesthetics with vasoconstrictors, what are the options?

A

None

Adrenaline

Felypressin

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3
Q

What are the two preservatives used in local anaesthetic?

A

Bisulphite

Propylparaben

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4
Q

What are the advantages of using a local anaesthetic with a vasoconstrictor?

A

Prolongs the effects of the anaesthetic by constricting the tissues and keeping it localised.

Allows a lower volume of LA to be used

Manages bleeding tissues - constricts the vessels and reduced blood flow to the area.

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5
Q

When should felypressin not be used and why?

A

In pregnant ladies - induces labour.

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6
Q

What component of local anaesthetic causes the most problems with allergy?

A

Preservative - propylparaben

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7
Q

What are the two types of injection using in local anaesthetics?

A

Infiltration

Block

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8
Q

Where is local anaesthetic deposited in a infiltration injection?

A

Around nerve terminals

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9
Q

Where is local anaesthetic deposited in a block injection?

A

Around nerve trunks

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10
Q

What does an infiltration injection anaesthetise?

A

Soft tissues

Pulp/teeth that are surrounded by thin alveolar bone.
e.g. lower anterior teeth and maxillary teeth.

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11
Q

What are the limitations of infiltration injections?

A

Only anaesthetise 1 or 2 teeth around the injection site

Cannot be used when infection is present.

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12
Q

What are the benefits of infiltration injections?

A

Easy techniques

Atraumatic to the tissues

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13
Q

In what medically compromised patients can infiltration injections be used?

A

haemophiliacs

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14
Q

What does an block injection anaesthetise?

A

soft tissue

pulp/teeth surrounded by thick alveolar bone;
i.e. posterior mandibular teeth and maxillary molars.

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15
Q

What injections are carried out to anaesthetise teeth in the maxillary arch (both infiltration and block) ?

A

Infiltration:
Buccal

Block:
Posterior superior alveolar block - all molars

Middle superior alveolar block - 1st molar, premolars and canine.

Anterior superior alveolar block - canine and incisors on the same side as the injection.

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16
Q

What injections are carried out to anaesthetise soft tissue in the maxillary arch ?

A

Buccal infiltration

Palatal infiltration

17
Q

Where do you insert the needle in a palatal infiltration?

A

The midpoint between the gingival margin and the greatest depth of the palatal vault.

18
Q

What injections are carried out to anaesthetise teeth in the mandibular arch (both infiltration and block) ?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve block - Molars and 2nd premolar

Mental/incisive nerve block - premolars and canine

Buccal/labial infiltrations - incisors and canine

19
Q

What injections are carried out to anaesthetise soft tissue in the mandibular arch ?

A

Long buccal infiltration
labial infiltration
Mental nerve block

2nd half of the IDB - retract needle 2-3mm to anaesthetic the lingual nerve.

20
Q

What size and colour of needle is used for an infiltration injection?

A

Short 25mm blue

21
Q

What size and colour of needle is used for an block injection?

A

Long 35mm yellow

22
Q

What landmarks are used when carrying out an IDB (Inferior alveolar nerve block)?

A

Coronoid notch of mandibular ramus

Posterior border of the mandible

Lower premolars of the opposite side

Pterygomandibular raphe.

23
Q

In an IDB where should the needle be inserted in relation to the lower molar?

A

1cm above

6 -10 mm

24
Q

In an IDB once the needle has been correctly positioned how much of the needle should be visible?

25
What should you always check before assembling the injection?
The date and batch on the cartridge!!! | Record both in patient notes.