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My BDS2 > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two categories of drugs used in CV disease?

A

Drugs used to prevent further disease

Drugs used to manage symptoms of current CV disease

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2
Q

What drugs are used as a preventative measure for CV disease?

A

Anti platelet drugs

Anti-coagulation drugs

Anti-arrhythmia drugs - beta blockers and Ca channel blockers

Lipid lowering drugs - statins

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3
Q

Name the antiplatelet drugs used to prevent CV disease.

A

Aspirin

Clopidogrel

Prasugrel

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4
Q

What is the action of aspirin and how is this achieved?

A

Prevents platelet aggregation by ALTERING BALANCE between THROMBOXANE A2 and PROSTACYCLIN

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5
Q

Name the anticoagulation drugs used to prevent CV disease.

A

Warfarin
Apixaban
Rivaboxaban
Dabigatran

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6
Q

What does warfarin inhibit?

A

Factor 2, 7, 9, 10
Protein C
Protein S

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7
Q

How do you counteract the effects of warfarin?

A

Give patient vitamin K

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8
Q

What must you assume about a patient on Warfarin?

A

That all drugs interact

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9
Q

If a patient is taking anti-coagulants what drugs must the especially avoid?

A

NSAIDs

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10
Q

Name an example of a statin/lipid lowering drug.

A

Simvastiatin

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11
Q

What is the action on simvastatin?

A

Inhibits cholesterol SYNTHESIS in the liver

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12
Q

What is a property of simvastatin that makes it effective?

A

Prodrug - activated once metabolised in the liver.

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13
Q

What are the side effects of simvastatin/statins?

How is this managed?

A

Interacts with antifungals
and causes myositis (inflammation, weakness and ache of muscles)

Since statins work over a prolonged period of time they can be stopped whilst the antifungals are being taken and then restarted once the course of medication is finished.

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14
Q

Name examples of beta blockers. Are they selective or non-selective?

A

Atenolol - B1 selective

Propanolol - B1 and B2 non-selective

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15
Q

What are the actions of beta blockesr?

A

Preventative measure for arrhythmias.

Uses; B1 - blocks effects of adrenaline
Reduce excitability of cardiac muscle
Reduce the force of contraction.

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16
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers?

A

Heart rate cannot speed up when required - prone to FAINTING and can cause POSTURAL HYPOTENSION.

Can WORSEN HEART FAILURE by reducing efficiency of the heart.

Non-selective BB can WORSEN ASTHMA - block receptors and prevent bronchodilation.

17
Q

What drugs are used to manage current CV disease?

A

Diuretics

Anti- arrhythmia - Beta blockers

Ca channel blockers

ACE inhibitors

Nitrates

18
Q

Name examples of diuretics.

A

Thiazide diuretics - bendroflumethiazide

Loop diuretics - frusemide

19
Q

What are the actions of diuretics?

A

Anti-Hypertensive; via increasing salt and water loss and reducing plasma volume.

Reduce effects of heart failure by reducing the cardiac workload.

20
Q

When are the side effects of diuretics?

A 
Dry mouth (xerostomia)
Gout - from lack of potassium 
Atherosclerosis if there is prolonged use.
21
Q

Name examples of nitrates used in managing CV disease.

What are each used for?

A

Short acting - Glyceryltrinitrate spray
Emergency treatment of angina

Long acting - Isosorbide mononitrate
Prevention of angina

22
Q

What are the actions of nitrates?

A

Dilate veins = reduced preload

Dilate resistance arteries = reduced cardiac workload and reduced oxygen consumption by cardiac muscle

Dilate colateral coronary arteries = relieves anginal pain.

23
Q

What are the side effects of nitrates?

A

HEADACHES from cerebral dilation

24
Q

Why do nitrates come in the form of under the tongue sprays and transdermal patches (long acting)?

A

Undergo First pass metabolism

25
Q

Name an example of a Ca channel blocker.

A

Amlodipine

26
Q

What are the actions of Ca blockers?

A

Reduce blood pressure via blocking ca channels in smooth muscle and in peripheral blood vessels = relaxation and vasodilation.

27
Q

What are the side effects of Ca channel blockers?

A

Gingival hyperplasia

28
Q

Name an example of a ACE inhibitor.

A

enalapril

29
Q

What are the actions of ACE inhibitors?

A

Reduce blood pressure by preventing the conversion of angiotensin 1 to 2 (angiotensin 2 is a vasoconstrictor)

Prevents aldosterone dependant salt and water retention.

30
Q

What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

Cough
Angio-oedema
Oral lichenoid

31
Q

If the patient is experiencing bad side effects with ACE inhibitors what medication can they switch to?

A

AT2 blockers

My BDS2 (72 decks)

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