Prostate Pathologies Flashcards
What is acute prostatitis typically a complication of?
UTIs
What are the four parts of the urethra from internal to external?
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy
Penile
Where is sperm made?
Seminiferous tubules
What two structures form the ejaculatory duct?
Seminiferous tubules and ductus deferens
What is prostatitis?
Inflammation of the prostate typically from a UTI or reflux of infected urine into the prostate
Prostatitis is treated with ________________?
Antibiotics
35 year old male patient presents to your office complaining of painful urination. The patient also reports low back pain and pain in the area around the groin. The patient has a fever of 101.1 and is cold and clammy. CBC shows 14000 WBC and 80% neutrophils. A biopsy of the prostate is performed and inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils and macrophages is seen in prostatic acini and stroma. What is the likely diagnosis?
Acute prostatitis
What is the normal epithelium of the prostate?
Simple cuboidal
49 year old male patient presents to your office complaining of painful urination around the opening of the penis. He reports that this problem has been going on for months and that he is frequently experiencing low back pain and frequent urination at night. PSA tests show a PSA of 2.5. Urinalysis is positive for escheria coli. Biopsy of the prostate shows high amounts of lymphocytes and plasma cells. What is the likely diagnosis?
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
What is non-bacterial prostatitis?
A diagnosis of exclusion in men over 50 with no identifiable cause
What is the most common form of inflammation in prostatic biopsies?
Non-bacterial prostatitis
What is benign prostatic hyperplasia also called?
Nodular prostatic hyperplasia
What enzyme converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)?
5 alpha reductase
What hormone is primarily responsible for growing the prostate?
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
What part of the prostate is most affected by DHT?
Periurethral zone
What is the normal age range for a patient with BPH or prostate carcinoma?
70+
71 year old male patient presents to your office complaining of frequent urination that has him getting up in the middle of the night as well as some non-specific low back pain that has progressed for the past few months. A digital rectal exam reveals a firm, enlarged, nodular prostate. PSA Test demonstrates a PSA level of 5.2. What is the likely diagnosis and what can this lead to if untreated?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia that can lead to hydroureter, hydronephrosis, renal failure, and prostate carcinoma
Where is the uvula vesicae located?
Prostate gland
How can benign prostatic hypertrophy lead to heart failure?
BPH can cause decreased kidney function due to compression of the urethra leading to backflow and hydronephrosis. This causes an increase in kidney blood pressure and the heart works harder leading to left sided heart failure
BPH can cause (Right/Left) sided heart failure?
Left
What is the most common cancer in men?
Prostate adenocarcinoma
How will a prostate feel on digital rectal exam if a patient has BPH?
Enlarged, firm, nodular
How will a prostate feel on digital rectal exam if a patient has prostate adenocarcinoma?
Stony, hard, craggy, “coral-like” prostate
72 year old male patient presents to your office complaining of low back pain and frequent urination throughout the day and at night. Also, he decided to come in because he started seeing some blood in his stool. A PSA test is performed and demonstrates a value of 16. A digital rectal exam is performed and the prostate feels craggy and stony. A biopsy of the prostate is performed and Gleason grades of 5 and 4 are given for a Gleason score of 9. What is the likely diagnosis and what is the chief concern after diagnosis?
Prostate adenocarcinoma with a chief concern of metastatic spread to the lumbosacral spine
Where does prostate cancer commonly Mets to?
Bone (LS JXN)
