Breast Pathology Flashcards
What is polythelia?
Congenital multiple nipple
Where do polytheliae form?
Milk lines of mammals ascending laterally to the umbilicus
Where do most breast cancers begin in the breast?
Outer upper quadrant
What is polymastia?
Congenital multiple breast most commonly at the axillary fold
What is gynecomastia?
Enlargement of the breasts in MALES
What gender does gynecomastia occur in?
Males
What can cause gynecomastia in males?
exogenous estrogen
Cirrhosis
Castration
Puberty
What is acute mastitis commonly associated with?
Breastfeeding
28 year old female patient presents to your office complaining of pain and redness of her breasts. The nipple is red and swollen. The woman is a new mother and has elected to breastfeed her child. The patient has a temperature of 100.1. A pus-like fluid is expelling from the patient’s nipple with high amounts of neutrophils. What is the likely diagnosis based on this information?
Acute mastitis
What are the main etiologic agents of acute mastitis?
Strep or staph
What is duct ectasia?
Dilation and periductal inflammation with fibrosis of large and intermediate breast ducts
29 year old female patient presents to your office complaining of a bloody discharge and pain in her right nipple. There is a palpable hardening of the tissue around her breast. The nipple on the affected side is seen to retract. The tissue is biopsied and shows no neoplasia but does demonstrate fibrosis. What is the likely diagnosis?
Duct ectasia
What breast pathology is NON-PROLIFERATIVE and NON-NEOPLASTIC?
Fibrocystic change
What area of the body other than the pancreas can undergo enzymatic fat necrosis?
Breast
What causes enzymatic fat necrosis of the breast?
Trauma or carcinoma
Fibrocystic change is (Painless/Painful)?
Painful
32 year old female patient presents to your office complaining of a right breast that became rapidly painful in the past few days. The pain is mainly in the lower left quadrant of the breast. Biopsy of the breast tissue is performed and shows epithelial hyperplasia with apocrine metaplasia. The mass is lumpy, bumpy, and fairly mobile. What is the likely diagnosis?
Fibrocystic change
A fibroadenoma is (Painless/Painful)?
Painless
A fibroadenoma is (Mobile/Non-Mobile)?
Mobile
25 year old female patient presents to your office complaining of a lump on her right breast. Upon palpation the mass is mobile and pea-shaped. The patient does not report any pain with movement. A mammography is ordered and shows a well-defined solitary mass that has undergone some calcification. What is the likely diagnosis?
Fibroadenoma
What is the most common benign growth of the breast?
Fibroadenoma
What is the most common malignancy in women?
Breast carcinoma
What gene is associated closely with breast cancer development?
BRCA
What is ductal carcinoma in situ?
Malignant proliferation of epithelial cells in the ducts that has not invaded the basement membrane
Ductal carcinoma in situ is most often visualized on mammography as _______________________?
Calcification
What is the most common form of breast carcinoma?
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
53 year old female patient presents to your office complaining of a mass on the right upper part of her right breast. The mass is non-mobile, painless, and craggy. A biopsy of the tissue shows a proliferation of poorly differentiated epithelial cells that have not broken through the basement membrane. A mammography shows the presence of dystrophic calcification in the mass. What is the likely diagnosis?
Ductal carcinoma in situ
What breast cancer is also known as schirrous carcinoma due to increased fibrosis?
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
55 year old female patient presents to your office with a mass on the left upper quadrant of her left breast. The mass is poorly defined, craggy, and matted. It is non-mobile upon palpation. Mammography shows multiple small irregular dense masses with extensive fibrosis in the area. Biopsy of the tissue shows nests and sheets of malignant tumor cells. What is the likely diagnosis?
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
Mammography is a screening tool that DOES NOT diagnose cancer (TRUE/FALSE)?
t
What is the least invasive way to diagnose cancer such as breast cancer?
Needle aspiration
Lobular carcinoma is usually clinically silent (TRUE/FALSE)?
t
What is the feeling of a lobular carcinoma compared to a ductal carcinoma?
Soft and fleshy (feels normal) while a ductal carcinoma is hard and craggy
Medullary breast carcinoma is a subtype of ______________________________?
Invasive ductal carcinoma
55 year old female patient presents to your office complaining of a mass on the right upper quadrant of her right breast. A biopsy is performed and the tumor is soft and fleshy with tissue resembling the medulla of the brain (resembles neurological tissue). What is the likely diagnosis?
Medullary breast carcinoma
A mucinous breast carcinoma has a __________________ texture and presents at a(n) (Younger/Older) age?
Gelatinous, Older
A 78 year old female patient presents to your office complaining of a mass in the upper outer quadrant of her left breast. The mass is well circumscribed with a gelatin feel. Biopsy shows tissues of a secretory nature. What is the likely diagnosis?
Mucinous carcinoma
What is Paget’s disease of the breast?
Adenocarcinoma cells that penetrate the epidermis of the nipple and areola presenting as erythema or an eczematous change to the nipple with retraction
What is the gross appearance of Paget’s disease of the breast?
Peau d’orange or “orange peel” appearance
Where does breast cancer commonly Mets to?
Axillary lymph nodes
