Myocardial Hypertrophy & Physiology Overview Flashcards
What two blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium of the heart?
Superior and inferior vena cava
What valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart?
Tricuspid or right atrioventricular valve
What valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery?
Pulmonary semilunar valve
What blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
What blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?
Pulmonary veins
What valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart?
Bicuspid or mitral or left atrioventricular valve
What valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta?
Aortic semilunar valve
What blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body?
Aorta
What is the normal weight range for a male heart? Female?
Male = 280-340g
Female = 230-280g
What is the normal thickness of the right ventricle of the heart? Left ventricle?
Right = <0.5 cm
Left = 1.3-1.5 cm
What ventricle of the heart is thicker?
Left
What is a normal beats per minute (BPM)?
60-100
What beats per minute would be considered bradycardia?
Less than 60
What beats per minute would be considered tachycardia?
Greater than 100
What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?
Stroke volume x Heart rate
What is stroke volume?
The volume of blood pumped by the heart
What is the formula for calculating stroke volume?
End diastolic volume (EDV) - End systolic volume (ESV)
What is end diastolic volume?
The amount of blood that is filling the ventricles during diastole
What is end systolic volume?
The amount of blood left over in the ventricle after a contraction
What drives the left side of the heart?
Right side of the heart
What drives the right side of the heart?
muscle pump, respiratory pump, and valves
A high level ultra marathon runner would expect to experience what kind of change to their heart?
Physiological myocardial hypertrophy
What are the two major etiologic factors contributing to pathological myocardial hypertrophy?
Volume and pressure overload
What etiologic factor is the number one cause of myocardial hypertrophy?
Pressure overload
What can cause pressure overload resulting in pathological myocardial hypertrophy?
Chronic hypertension
Valvular, pulmonary, or aortic stenosis
Atherosclerosis
What can cause volume overload resulting in pathological myocardial hypertrophy?
Myocardial injury
Congenital heart disease
Valve insufficiency
Cardiomyopathies
Pressure overload is associated with (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy of the heart?
Concentric
Volume overload is associated with (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy of the heart?
Eccentric
What happens to the chamber size of the left ventricle of the heart in concentric hypertrophy?
Does not increase and will likely decrease
What happens to the ratio of thickness to cavity diameter of the left ventricle of the heart in concentric hypertrophy
Increases
How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?
Parallel
Both concentric and eccentric hypertrophy of the heart result in myocardium thickening (TRUE/FALSE)?
TRUE
Concentric hypertrophy is due to _______________ overload?
Pressure
Eccentric hypertrophy is due to _________________ overload?
Volume
What happens to the chamber size and wall thickness in a heart with eccentric hypertrophy?
Increases
How are sarcomeres added in eccentric hypertrophy?
Series
The coronary artery that supplies the heart increases in size with the heart (TRUE/FALSE)?
FALSE
