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NYCC Visceral Pathology > Myocardial Hypertrophy & Physiology Overview > Flashcards

Myocardial Hypertrophy & Physiology Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What two blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium of the heart?

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

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2
Q

What valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart?

A

Tricuspid or right atrioventricular valve

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3
Q

What valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery?

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve

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4
Q

What blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary artery

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5
Q

What blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary veins

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6
Q

What valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart?

A

Bicuspid or mitral or left atrioventricular valve

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7
Q

What valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta?

A

Aortic semilunar valve

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8
Q

What blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body?

A

Aorta

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9
Q

What is the normal weight range for a male heart? Female?

A

Male = 280-340g
Female = 230-280g

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10
Q

What is the normal thickness of the right ventricle of the heart? Left ventricle?

A

Right = <0.5 cm
Left = 1.3-1.5 cm

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11
Q

What ventricle of the heart is thicker?

A

Left

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12
Q

What is a normal beats per minute (BPM)?

A

60-100

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13
Q

What beats per minute would be considered bradycardia?

A

Less than 60

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14
Q

What beats per minute would be considered tachycardia?

A

Greater than 100

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15
Q

What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?

A

Stroke volume x Heart rate

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16
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The volume of blood pumped by the heart

17
Q

What is the formula for calculating stroke volume?

A

End diastolic volume (EDV) - End systolic volume (ESV)

18
Q

What is end diastolic volume?

A

The amount of blood that is filling the ventricles during diastole

19
Q

What is end systolic volume?

A

The amount of blood left over in the ventricle after a contraction

20
Q

What drives the left side of the heart?

A

Right side of the heart

21
Q

What drives the right side of the heart?

A

muscle pump, respiratory pump, and valves

22
Q

A high level ultra marathon runner would expect to experience what kind of change to their heart?

A

Physiological myocardial hypertrophy

23
Q

What are the two major etiologic factors contributing to pathological myocardial hypertrophy?

A

Volume and pressure overload

24
Q

What etiologic factor is the number one cause of myocardial hypertrophy?

A

Pressure overload

25
Q

What can cause pressure overload resulting in pathological myocardial hypertrophy?

A

Chronic hypertension
Valvular, pulmonary, or aortic stenosis
Atherosclerosis

26
Q

What can cause volume overload resulting in pathological myocardial hypertrophy?

A

Myocardial injury
Congenital heart disease
Valve insufficiency
Cardiomyopathies

27
Q

Pressure overload is associated with (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy of the heart?

A

Concentric

28
Q

Volume overload is associated with (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy of the heart?

A

Eccentric

29
Q

What happens to the chamber size of the left ventricle of the heart in concentric hypertrophy?

A

Does not increase and will likely decrease

30
Q

What happens to the ratio of thickness to cavity diameter of the left ventricle of the heart in concentric hypertrophy

A

Increases

31
Q

How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?

A

Parallel

32
Q

Both concentric and eccentric hypertrophy of the heart result in myocardium thickening (TRUE/FALSE)?

A

TRUE

33
Q

Concentric hypertrophy is due to _______________ overload?

A

Pressure

34
Q

Eccentric hypertrophy is due to _________________ overload?

A

Volume

35
Q

What happens to the chamber size and wall thickness in a heart with eccentric hypertrophy?

A

Increases

36
Q

How are sarcomeres added in eccentric hypertrophy?

A

Series

37
Q

The coronary artery that supplies the heart increases in size with the heart (TRUE/FALSE)?

A

FALSE

NYCC Visceral Pathology (40 decks)

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