Congenital Heart Disease (Shunting) Flashcards
What are some possible etiologies of congenital heart diseases?
- Rubella
- thalidomide syndrome (phocomelia)
- alcohol, amphetamines, phenytoin, lithium, estrogen
- maternal diabetes
What group of congenital heart disease does coarctation of the aorta belong to?
Acyanotic
Coarctation of the aorta causes (Pressure/Volume) overload and results in (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy?
Pressure, Concentric
Acyanotic congenital heart diseases are shuntless (TRUE/FALSE)?
TRUE
Acyanotic congenital heart diseases have no abnormal communication between systemic and pulmonary circuits (TRUE/FALSE)?
TRUE
What are examples of congenital heart diseases that are classified as cyanose tardive?
Ventricular septal defect
Atrial septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Patent foramen ovale
What is the most common congenital heart disease?
Ventricular septal defect
Cyanose tardive congenital heart diseases present with an initial ____ to ____ shunt?
Left, right
What is the Eisenmenger complex? What group of congenital heart diseases does it present in?
Late stage change from a left to right shunt to a RIGHT TO LEFT shunt due to the right heart overpowering the left heart causing cyanosis. Occurs in the cyanose tardive group of CHDs
What group of congenital heart diseases presents with an Eisenmenger complex?
Cyanose tardive
Cyanotic congenital heart diseases present with a permanent ____ to ____ shunt?
Right, left
What diseases are part of the cyanotic group of congenital heart diseases?
Tetralogy of Fallot
Truncus arteriosus
Tricuspid atresia
Transposition of the great vessels
What congenital heart disease is shuntless but still causes cyanosis?
Transposition of the great vessels
A ventricular or atrial septal defect belongs to which category of congenital heart disease?
Cyanose tardive
A patent ductus arteriosus and hypoplastic left heart syndrome belong to which category of congenital heart disease?
Cyanose tardive
The tetralogy of fallot belongs to which category of congenital heart disease?
Cyanotic
Transposition of the great vessels belongs to which category of congenital heart disease?
Cyanotic
What is a coarctation of the aorta? Where does it most commonly occur and in what gender is it most common?
Localized narrowing of the lumen of the aorta distal to the left subclavian artery in males
What unique clinical features present in a patient with coarctation of the aorta?
Upper limb hypertension causing headaches and nose bleeds with lower limb hypotension causing vascular claudication and atrophy
What unique radiographic finding presents in a patient with coarctation of the aorta? Why?
Rib-notching due to dilated intercostal arteries eroding the inferior margin of the ribs
All shunting congenital heart diseases result in (Pressure/Volume) overload and (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy?
Volume, eccentric
A ventricular septal defect in its early stages causes (Pressure/Volume) overload and (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy?
Volume, eccentric
A ventricular septal defect in its later stages causes (Pressure/Volume) overload and (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy?
Pressure, concentric
What congenital heart disease presents with a “Lub swoosh dub” pansystolic or holosystolic heart murmur between S1-S2 at the 5th ICS on the left?
Ventricular septal defect
Where should auscultation be performed to detect a murmur in a suspected ventricular septal defect?
Left 5th ICS
What congenital heart disease presents with a pansystolic or holosystolic murmur?
Ventricular septal defect
What can result from a ventricular septal defect?
Endocarditis, emboli, heart failure
What congenital heart disease presents with a split S2 “Lub dub dub” heart sound?
Atrial septal defect
What are symptoms of an atrial septal defect?
Fatigue and exertional dyspnea
What are the three types of atrial septal defect?
Ostium primum
Ostium secundum
Sinus venosus
What is the most common form of atrial septal defect?
Ostium secundum
Where does an ostium primum atrial septal defect occur?
Lowest ASD closest to the AV valves
Where does an ostium secundum atrial septal defect occur?
Middle of the right atrium
Where does a sinus venosus atrial septal defect occur?
Top of the right atrium near the SVC and IVC
What is Lutembacher’s syndrome?
Mitral stenosis and an ostium secundum atrial septal defect
What population does a patent ductus arteriosus occur in?
Premature infants
What congenital heart disease presents with a pulmonic murmur at the left 2nd ICS?
Patent ductus arteriosus
What congenital heart disease presents with a “machine-like” murmur?
Patent ductus arteriosus
What congenital heart disease presents with a continuous murmur?
Patent ductus arteriosus
Patent ductus arteriosus causes (Pressure/Volume) overload and (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy on the (Left/Right) side of the heart?
Pressure, concentric, right
What is the Tetrology of Fallot?
Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect
Dextroposition of the aorta
Right ventricle hypertrophy
What unique radiographic finding is present in a patient with a Tetrology of Fallot?
Boot-leg heart with a flat inferior margin and apex
What are clinical signs and symptoms of a Tetrology of Fallot?
Cerebral thrombosis due to polycythemia/increased hematocrit
Bacterial endocarditis
Clubbing of fingers
Cleft lip and palate
What congenital heart disease is present in patient’s with Down’s Syndrome (Trisomy 21)?
Tetrology of Fallot
What is transposition of the great vessels?
Cyanotic congenital heart disease where the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle
What is the treatment for transposition of the great vessels?
In utero heart surgery
