Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NYCC Visceral Pathology > Congenital Heart Disease (Shunting) > Flashcards

Congenital Heart Disease (Shunting) Flashcards

1
Q

What are some possible etiologies of congenital heart diseases?

A
  • Rubella
  • thalidomide syndrome (phocomelia)
  • alcohol, amphetamines, phenytoin, lithium, estrogen
  • maternal diabetes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What group of congenital heart disease does coarctation of the aorta belong to?

A

Acyanotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Coarctation of the aorta causes (Pressure/Volume) overload and results in (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy?

A

Pressure, Concentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acyanotic congenital heart diseases are shuntless (TRUE/FALSE)?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acyanotic congenital heart diseases have no abnormal communication between systemic and pulmonary circuits (TRUE/FALSE)?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are examples of congenital heart diseases that are classified as cyanose tardive?

A

Ventricular septal defect
Atrial septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Patent foramen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common congenital heart disease?

A

Ventricular septal defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cyanose tardive congenital heart diseases present with an initial ____ to ____ shunt?

A

Left, right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Eisenmenger complex? What group of congenital heart diseases does it present in?

A

Late stage change from a left to right shunt to a RIGHT TO LEFT shunt due to the right heart overpowering the left heart causing cyanosis. Occurs in the cyanose tardive group of CHDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What group of congenital heart diseases presents with an Eisenmenger complex?

A

Cyanose tardive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cyanotic congenital heart diseases present with a permanent ____ to ____ shunt?

A

Right, left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What diseases are part of the cyanotic group of congenital heart diseases?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot
Truncus arteriosus
Tricuspid atresia
Transposition of the great vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What congenital heart disease is shuntless but still causes cyanosis?

A

Transposition of the great vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A ventricular or atrial septal defect belongs to which category of congenital heart disease?

A

Cyanose tardive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A patent ductus arteriosus and hypoplastic left heart syndrome belong to which category of congenital heart disease?

A

Cyanose tardive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The tetralogy of fallot belongs to which category of congenital heart disease?

A

Cyanotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Transposition of the great vessels belongs to which category of congenital heart disease?

A

Cyanotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a coarctation of the aorta? Where does it most commonly occur and in what gender is it most common?

A

Localized narrowing of the lumen of the aorta distal to the left subclavian artery in males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What unique clinical features present in a patient with coarctation of the aorta?

A

Upper limb hypertension causing headaches and nose bleeds with lower limb hypotension causing vascular claudication and atrophy

20
Q

What unique radiographic finding presents in a patient with coarctation of the aorta? Why?

A

Rib-notching due to dilated intercostal arteries eroding the inferior margin of the ribs

21
Q

All shunting congenital heart diseases result in (Pressure/Volume) overload and (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy?

A

Volume, eccentric

22
Q

A ventricular septal defect in its early stages causes (Pressure/Volume) overload and (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy?

A

Volume, eccentric

23
Q

A ventricular septal defect in its later stages causes (Pressure/Volume) overload and (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy?

A

Pressure, concentric

24
Q

What congenital heart disease presents with a “Lub swoosh dub” pansystolic or holosystolic heart murmur between S1-S2 at the 5th ICS on the left?

A

Ventricular septal defect

25
Q

Where should auscultation be performed to detect a murmur in a suspected ventricular septal defect?

A

Left 5th ICS

26
Q

What congenital heart disease presents with a pansystolic or holosystolic murmur?

A

Ventricular septal defect

27
Q

What can result from a ventricular septal defect?

A

Endocarditis, emboli, heart failure

28
Q

What congenital heart disease presents with a split S2 “Lub dub dub” heart sound?

A

Atrial septal defect

29
Q

What are symptoms of an atrial septal defect?

A

Fatigue and exertional dyspnea

30
Q

What are the three types of atrial septal defect?

A

Ostium primum
Ostium secundum
Sinus venosus

31
Q

What is the most common form of atrial septal defect?

A

Ostium secundum

32
Q

Where does an ostium primum atrial septal defect occur?

A

Lowest ASD closest to the AV valves

33
Q

Where does an ostium secundum atrial septal defect occur?

A

Middle of the right atrium

34
Q

Where does a sinus venosus atrial septal defect occur?

A

Top of the right atrium near the SVC and IVC

35
Q

What is Lutembacher’s syndrome?

A

Mitral stenosis and an ostium secundum atrial septal defect

36
Q

What population does a patent ductus arteriosus occur in?

A

Premature infants

37
Q

What congenital heart disease presents with a pulmonic murmur at the left 2nd ICS?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

38
Q

What congenital heart disease presents with a “machine-like” murmur?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

39
Q

What congenital heart disease presents with a continuous murmur?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

40
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus causes (Pressure/Volume) overload and (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy on the (Left/Right) side of the heart?

A

Pressure, concentric, right

41
Q

What is the Tetrology of Fallot?

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect
Dextroposition of the aorta
Right ventricle hypertrophy

42
Q

What unique radiographic finding is present in a patient with a Tetrology of Fallot?

A

Boot-leg heart with a flat inferior margin and apex

43
Q

What are clinical signs and symptoms of a Tetrology of Fallot?

A

Cerebral thrombosis due to polycythemia/increased hematocrit
Bacterial endocarditis
Clubbing of fingers
Cleft lip and palate

44
Q

What congenital heart disease is present in patient’s with Down’s Syndrome (Trisomy 21)?

A

Tetrology of Fallot

45
Q

What is transposition of the great vessels?

A

Cyanotic congenital heart disease where the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle

46
Q

What is the treatment for transposition of the great vessels?

A

In utero heart surgery

NYCC Visceral Pathology (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions