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NYCC Visceral Pathology > Lung Carcinoma > Flashcards

Lung Carcinoma Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide?

A

Lung

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2
Q

What is the highest correlated risk factor with lung cancer?

A

Smoking

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3
Q

What is a Pancoast tumor? What can it cause?

A

Apical lung tumor that can cause Horner’s syndrome and shoulder pain radiating down the arm in an ulnar distribution (Pancoast Syndrome)

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4
Q

What are the signs of Horner’s syndrome? Do they occur ipsilaterally or contralaterally?

A

Ptosis = Eyelid droop
Miosis = Pinpoint pupil
Enophthalmos = Sunken eyes
Anhidrosis = Lack of sweat
Ipsilateral

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5
Q

What is Eaton-Lambert syndrome?

A

Myasthenic syndrome

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6
Q

What is SIADH?

A

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

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7
Q

What is the difference between myasthenic syndrome and myasthenia gravis?

A

Myasthenic syndrome = Ab against the PRESYNAPTIC terminal caused by a neoplasia (usually small cell carcinoma of the lung)

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8
Q

What is superior vena cava syndrome?

A

Obstruction of the SVC leading to distended dilated jugular veins, increased intracranial pressure, hand swelling, and less UE drainage

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9
Q

What is adenocarcinoma of the lung also known as?

A

Alveolar cell carcinoma

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10
Q

What is the most common subtype of lung cancer in most countries and non smokers?

A

Adenocarcinoma of the lung

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11
Q

What gender does adenocarcinoma of the lung occur more commonly in?

A

Female

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12
Q

Where does an alveolar cell carcinoma of the lung arise on the lung?

A

Periphery

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13
Q

Ground-glass lesion upon gross inspection of a lung is indicative of what lung pathology?

A

Alveolar cell carcinoma

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14
Q

What cell is adenocarcinoma of the lung derived from?

A

Type II Pneumocytes

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15
Q

A fern-leaf histological pattern is indicative of what lung pathology?

A

Alveolar cell carcinoma

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16
Q

What lung neoplasia causes coagulopathies?

A

Alveolar cell carcinoma

causes Trousseau syndrome

17
Q

What lung neoplasia can cause Trousseau’s sign of malignancy?

A

Adenocarcinoma of the lung

18
Q

69 year old female patient presents with an irregular mass on the outer surface of the inferior lobe on the right lung. She has no prior history of smoking. Radiograph reveals a ground glass appearance in the area. Needle aspiration and biopsy revealed a “fern-leaf” histological structure of cells in the tumor tissue. What is the likely diagnosis? What Syndrome can this pathology cause?

A

Alveolar cell carcinoma/Adenocarcinoma of the lung; Trousseau syndrome (coagulopathy)

19
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma of the lung also called?

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

20
Q

What gender is bronchogenic carcinoma most common in?

A

Males

21
Q

Where does squamous cell carcinoma of the lung arise?

A

Centrally from the bronchi

22
Q

Keratin pearls can be indicative of what lung pathology?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma/Bronchogenic carcinoma

23
Q

What neoplasia of the lung is likely to secrete PTH leading to hypercalcemia?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma/Bronchogenic carcinoma

24
Q

68 year old male patient presents to your office with a chronic cough. He has a 20 pack year smoking history. Blood work reveals calcium levels of 11.1. Due to the patients history, a needle aspiration in the area around the bronchi is performed. Histology revealed keratin pearls in a Concentric onion skin pattern. What is the diagnosis? What pathology is he copresenting with?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma; Hypercalcemia paraneoplastic syndrome

25
Q

What is small cell carcinoma also called?

A

Oat cell carcinoma

26
Q

What cell is small cell carcinoma arising from?

A

Neuroendocrine (APUD) cells

27
Q

What is the most aggressive neoplasia of the lungs?

A

Small/oat cell carcinoma

28
Q

Where in the lungs does small cell carcinoma commonly arise from?

A

Peri-hilar masses

29
Q

What paraneoplastic syndromes can be caused by small cell carcinoma?

A

Diabetes insipidus, Cushing syndrome, Eaton-Lambert, SIADH

30
Q

How will a patient with SIADH present?

A

Increased ADH

31
Q

57 year old male patient presents with a 30 pack year smoking history and diabetes insipidus. Recently his quality of life has decreased as he has had a hacking cough and reports being overly fatigued just by walking up the stairs. You notice he has a slight lid lag to his eyes. Bloodwork reveals hyponatremia and blood pressure of 150/110. Physical examination reveals purple striae, truncal obesity, and wasting of the extremities. What do all of these signs point to?

A

Small/Oat cell carcinoma

32
Q

Eaton-Lambert syndrome is commonly caused by what lung neoplasia?

A

Small cell carcinoma (oat cell)

33
Q

Myasthenic syndrome is commonly caused by what lung neoplasia?

A

Small cell carcinoma

34
Q

SIADH is commonly caused by what lung neoplasia?

A

Small cell carcinoma

35
Q

Cushing syndrome is commonly caused by what lung neoplasia?

A

Oat cell carcinoma (small cell)

36
Q

Diabetes insipidus is commonly caused by what lung neoplasia?

A

Small cell carcinoma

37
Q

What is the most important indicator of cancer survivability?

A

Metastasis

38
Q

What is required for a stage four cancer diagnosis?

A

Metastasis

NYCC Visceral Pathology (40 decks)

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