Lung Carcinoma Flashcards
What type of cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide?
Lung
What is the highest correlated risk factor with lung cancer?
Smoking
What is a Pancoast tumor? What can it cause?
Apical lung tumor that can cause Horner’s syndrome and shoulder pain radiating down the arm in an ulnar distribution (Pancoast Syndrome)
What are the signs of Horner’s syndrome? Do they occur ipsilaterally or contralaterally?
Ptosis = Eyelid droop
Miosis = Pinpoint pupil
Enophthalmos = Sunken eyes
Anhidrosis = Lack of sweat
Ipsilateral
What is Eaton-Lambert syndrome?
Myasthenic syndrome
What is SIADH?
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
What is the difference between myasthenic syndrome and myasthenia gravis?
Myasthenic syndrome = Ab against the PRESYNAPTIC terminal caused by a neoplasia (usually small cell carcinoma of the lung)
What is superior vena cava syndrome?
Obstruction of the SVC leading to distended dilated jugular veins, increased intracranial pressure, hand swelling, and less UE drainage
What is adenocarcinoma of the lung also known as?
Alveolar cell carcinoma
What is the most common subtype of lung cancer in most countries and non smokers?
Adenocarcinoma of the lung
What gender does adenocarcinoma of the lung occur more commonly in?
Female
Where does an alveolar cell carcinoma of the lung arise on the lung?
Periphery
Ground-glass lesion upon gross inspection of a lung is indicative of what lung pathology?
Alveolar cell carcinoma
What cell is adenocarcinoma of the lung derived from?
Type II Pneumocytes
A fern-leaf histological pattern is indicative of what lung pathology?
Alveolar cell carcinoma
What lung neoplasia causes coagulopathies?
Alveolar cell carcinoma
causes Trousseau syndrome
What lung neoplasia can cause Trousseau’s sign of malignancy?
Adenocarcinoma of the lung
69 year old female patient presents with an irregular mass on the outer surface of the inferior lobe on the right lung. She has no prior history of smoking. Radiograph reveals a ground glass appearance in the area. Needle aspiration and biopsy revealed a “fern-leaf” histological structure of cells in the tumor tissue. What is the likely diagnosis? What Syndrome can this pathology cause?
Alveolar cell carcinoma/Adenocarcinoma of the lung; Trousseau syndrome (coagulopathy)
What is squamous cell carcinoma of the lung also called?
Bronchogenic carcinoma
What gender is bronchogenic carcinoma most common in?
Males
Where does squamous cell carcinoma of the lung arise?
Centrally from the bronchi
Keratin pearls can be indicative of what lung pathology?
Squamous cell carcinoma/Bronchogenic carcinoma
What neoplasia of the lung is likely to secrete PTH leading to hypercalcemia?
Squamous cell carcinoma/Bronchogenic carcinoma
68 year old male patient presents to your office with a chronic cough. He has a 20 pack year smoking history. Blood work reveals calcium levels of 11.1. Due to the patients history, a needle aspiration in the area around the bronchi is performed. Histology revealed keratin pearls in a Concentric onion skin pattern. What is the diagnosis? What pathology is he copresenting with?
Squamous cell carcinoma; Hypercalcemia paraneoplastic syndrome
What is small cell carcinoma also called?
Oat cell carcinoma
What cell is small cell carcinoma arising from?
Neuroendocrine (APUD) cells
What is the most aggressive neoplasia of the lungs?
Small/oat cell carcinoma
Where in the lungs does small cell carcinoma commonly arise from?
Peri-hilar masses
What paraneoplastic syndromes can be caused by small cell carcinoma?
Diabetes insipidus, Cushing syndrome, Eaton-Lambert, SIADH
How will a patient with SIADH present?
Increased ADH
57 year old male patient presents with a 30 pack year smoking history and diabetes insipidus. Recently his quality of life has decreased as he has had a hacking cough and reports being overly fatigued just by walking up the stairs. You notice he has a slight lid lag to his eyes. Bloodwork reveals hyponatremia and blood pressure of 150/110. Physical examination reveals purple striae, truncal obesity, and wasting of the extremities. What do all of these signs point to?
Small/Oat cell carcinoma
Eaton-Lambert syndrome is commonly caused by what lung neoplasia?
Small cell carcinoma (oat cell)
Myasthenic syndrome is commonly caused by what lung neoplasia?
Small cell carcinoma
SIADH is commonly caused by what lung neoplasia?
Small cell carcinoma
Cushing syndrome is commonly caused by what lung neoplasia?
Oat cell carcinoma (small cell)
Diabetes insipidus is commonly caused by what lung neoplasia?
Small cell carcinoma
What is the most important indicator of cancer survivability?
Metastasis
What is required for a stage four cancer diagnosis?
Metastasis
