Prologue Vocab

Question 0

Plato

Answer 0

Mind is separate from body and continues after the body dies. Knowledge is born innate.

Same as Socrates. Opposite of Aristotle.

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Question 2

Socrates

Answer 2

The mind is separate from the body and continues after the body dies. Knowledge is born innate.

Same as Plato. Opposite from Aristotle.

Question 3

Aristotle

Answer 3

Knowledge is not born with us- it comes from experiences and memories and we cannot separate the soul and the body.

Opposite of Socrates and Plato.

Question 4

Descartes

Answer 4

Father of modern philosophy. Agrees with Plato and Socrates. Said that the braid fluid was animal spirits which flowed to our veins, creating movement. Studied animals to comparing their behavior to human behavior.

Question 5

Francis Bacon

Answer 5

Formed the scientific method. Focused on patterns we see. Wanted everything to be based off of experiments.

Question 6

John Locke

Answer 6

Our mind is a tabula rasa. Used empiricism.

Question 7

Empiricism

Answer 7

The view that knowledge originates in experience and science should rely on observation and experimentation.

Question 8

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 8

Opened the first laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. Conducted an experiment with a ball dropping and the response times of pushing a button when hearing the sound versus being aware that it happened.

Question 9

Structuralism

Answer 9

Using introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.

Question 10

Edward Titchener

Answer 10

Thought we had inside information. Used structuralism and brought it to the US. Opened the first US laboratory at Cornell university.

Question 11

Introspection

Answer 11

Looking inward. A self reflection. A rose experiment was once done with this method.

Question 12

Functionalism

Answer 12

How mental and behavioral processes function- how they make an organism able to survive and flourish.

Question 13

William James

Answer 13

A functionalist. A Harvard professor who spoke on psychology. Wrote “Principles of Psychology”- took 12 years to write. One of the first US psychologists. Used Darwin’s theories a lot. Taught Mary Calkins.

Question 14

Mary Calkins

Answer 14

James admitted her to Harvard and she was personally tutored by him. She earned a degree but not until she died. First president of American Psychological Association (APA).

Question 15

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 15

Officially got the first Ph D in psychology for women. 2nd president of APA. Wrote “Animal Mind”

Question 16

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 16

Emphasized the growth potential in healthy people. Used personalized methods to study personality to help growth.

Question 17

Nature- Nurture Issue

Answer 17

Debate over genes and experiences to make developmental growth.

Question 18

Natural Selection

Answer 18

The strong will breed and their genes will be passed on.

Question 19

Levels of analysis

Answer 19

The differing complementary views for analyzing any given phenomenon. If you have more than one level they are called the biopsychosocial approach which is biological, psychological, and social- cultural.

Question 20

Evolutionary perspective

Answer 20

How natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of genes. (How important was anger to survive)

Question 21

Behavior Genetics Perspective

Answer 21

How genes and environment influence individual differences in temperament

Question 22

Neuroscience Perspective

Answer 22

How the body and brain enable emotion, memories and sensory experiences. (Like being hot or red in the face when you’re angry)

Question 23

Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 23

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

Question 24

Behavioral Perspective

Answer 24

How we learn observable responses. (Like body gestures for anger)

Question 25

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 25

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information. (How anger affects our thinking)

Question 26

Social- Cultural Perspective

Answer 26

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures. (What produces the most anger)

Question 27

Basic research

Answer 27

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

Question 28

Applied research

Answer 28

Aimed to solve practical problems

Question 29

Biological Psycologists

Answer 29

Concerned with the link of biology and behavior.

Question 30

Developmental Psychologists

Answer 30

Studies physical, cognitive, and social change through the life span.

Question 31

Cognitive Psychologists

Answer 31

How we perceive, think, and solve problems. Helping make bad thinking into good by changing behavior.

Question 32

Personality Psychologists

Answer 32

Using a true or false quiz to determine personality. They look at persistent traits.

Question 33

Social Psychologists

Answer 33

How we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

Question 34

Counseling Psychology

Answer 34

Assists people with problems in living (like marriage, work, and school.)

Question 35

Clinical Psychology

Answer 35

Studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.

Question 36

Psychiatry

Answer 36

Doctors that deal with psychiatry disorders. They use therapy and drugs.