Chapter 9- Memory (2nd Half)

Question 0

Echoic Memory

Answer 0

A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds.

Question 1

Iconic Memory

Answer 1

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture- image memory lasting no more than a few seconds (1-2).

Question 2

George Miller

Answer 2

Enshrined the recall capacity of the magical number seven, plus or minus two. Our short- term memory typically stores just seven or so bits of information.

Question 3

Long-term Potentiation (LTP)

Answer 3

An increase in a synapses firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory.

Question 4

Amnesia

Answer 4

The loss of memory.

Question 5

Implicit memory

Answer 5

Retention independent of conscious recollection. ( also called procedural memory)

Question 6

Explicit memory

Answer 6

A memory of facts and experiences that one call consciously knows and “declares”. (Also called declarative memory)

Question 7

Hippocampus

Answer 7

A neural centre that is located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage.

Question 8

Cerebellum

Answer 8

The brain region extending out from the rear of the Brainstem. Plays a key role in forming and storing the implicit memories created by classical conditioning.

Question 9

Recognition

Answer 9

A measure or memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple choice test.

Question 10

Recall

Answer 10

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information leaned earlier, such as on a fill-in-the-blank test.

Question 11

Relearning

Answer 11

A memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time.

Question 12

Priming

Answer 12

The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory.

Question 13

Déjá Vu

Answer 13

The sense of “I’ve experienced this before”. Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.

Question 14

Mood-Congruent Memory

Answer 14

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with ones current good or bad mood.

Question 15

Ebbinghaus

Answer 15

Learned lists of nonsense syllables and measured how much he retained 20 min-30 days later. His findings showed that what we learn, we may quickly forget.

Question 16

Proactive interference

Answer 16

The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.

Question 17

Retroactive interference

Answer 17

The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.

Question 18

Repression

Answer 18

In the psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety- arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories.

Question 19

Freud

Answer 19

Focused on childhood amnesia. Found that we don’t remember anything from birth- 3 years old. Also our memory is “spotty” from ages 3-7.

Question 20

Loftus

Answer 20

A psychologist, known specifically for her work with memory. Focused on how we make up memories, change them, and the misinformation effect.

Question 21

Misinformation effect

Answer 21

Incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event.

Question 22

Source amnesia

Answer 22

Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. The heart of many false memories.

Question 23

State dependent memory

Answer 23

Having a better memory when you’re in the same state as you were when you were encoding it.