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AP Psychology > Chapter 7- States Of Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 7- States Of Consciousness Flashcards

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0
Q

Biological rhythms

A

Periodic physiological fluctuations.

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

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2
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (temperature, wakefulness) that occur on a 24 hour cycle.

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3
Q

Non-REM sleep

A

Stages 1-4 of sleep. Muscles don’t relax. No dreams. Sleep walking is in these stages.

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4
Q

REM sleep

A

A rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Muscles are relaxed, but body systems stay active.

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5
Q

Alpha waves

A

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

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6
Q

Sleep

A

Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness- as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, anesthesia or hibernation.

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7
Q

Hallucinations

A

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

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8
Q

Delta waves

A

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

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9
Q

Insomnia

A

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.

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10
Q

Narcolepsy

A

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inappropriate times.

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11
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary stoping of breathing during sleep and momentary awakenings.

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12
Q

Night terrors

A

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage four of sleep, two or three hours into sleep. They are forgotten.

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13
Q

Dream

A

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind. Notable for hallucinations and difficulty remembering them.

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14
Q

Manifest content

A

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden content)

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15
Q

Latent content

A

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content). Freud said a dreams content functions as a safety value.

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16
Q

Information processing

A

The change of information in any manner detectable by an observer.

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17
Q

Physiological Function

A

The scientific study of function in living systems.

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18
Q

Activation-synthesis

A

A theory of dreams. The differences in neural activity of the Brainstem during waking and REM sleep. Dreams were formed from brain activation during REM sleep.

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19
Q

Cognitive development

A

Focuses on a child’s development and how they learn and process information, compared to an adult.

20
Q

REM rebound

A

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

21
Q

Hypnosis

A

A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feeling, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

22
Q

Anton Mesmer

A

German. He said that there was a natural energetic transference between animated and in-animated objects. “Animal magnetism”. Responsible for discovering hypnosis.

23
Q

Posthypnotic suggestion

A

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized. Some doctors use it to help control undesirable behaviors.

24
Q

Social influence theory

A

A person begins to feel and behave in ways that would be appropriate for a good subject. Theodore Barber proposed it.

25
Q

Ernest Hilgard

A

American. He researched hypnosis, regarding pain control. Responsible for the dissociation theory.

26
Q

Dissociation (Divided-Consciousness theory)

A

A split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others. Ernest Hilgard proposed it.

27
Q

Theodore Barber

A

Studied hypnotic behavior. He measured how susceptible people were to hypnosis. Responsible for the social influence theory.

28
Q

Age Regression

A

In therapy, it’s the increased access to childhood memories or old memories, thoughts and feelings as a part of psychotherapeutic.

29
Q

Psychoactive Drug

A

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood.

30
Q

Tolerance

A

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drugs effect.

31
Q

Withdrawal

A

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.

32
Q

Physical dependence

A

A psychological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when drug is discontinued.

33
Q

Psychological Dependence

A

A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.

34
Q

Addiction

A

Compulsive drug craving and use.

35
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs (alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

36
Q

Barbiturates

A

Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement. Tranquilizers or sedatives. Helps with sleep.

37
Q

Opiates

A

Opium and its derivatives, such as morphing and heroin; they depress neural activity, lessening pain and anxiety.

38
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

39
Q

Amphetamines

A

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

40
Q

Methamphetamines

A

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, speeds up functions and associated with mood and energy changes. Reduces dopamine levels.

41
Q

Ecstasy (MDMA)

A

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short term health risks and long term harm to serotonin- producing neurons to mood and cognition.

42
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Psychedelic (mind-manifesting) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

43
Q

LSD

A

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; known as acid.

44
Q

THC

A

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.

45
Q

Near- Death experience

A

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug- induced hallucinations.

46
Q

Dualism

A

The presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact.

47
Q

Monism

A

The presumption that mind and body are separate aspects of the same thing.

AP Psychology (17 decks)

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