Chapter 2-Bio Unit (2nd Half)

Question 0

Medulla

Answer 0

Base of the Brainstem, controls heart beat and breathing.

Question 1

Brainstem

Answer 1

The oldest part of the brain, begins where the spinal cord enters the skull. Responsible for automatic survival functions, like heart beat and breathing.

Question 2

Reticular formation

Answer 2

A nerve network in the Brainstem that is important for arousal and alertness.

Question 3

Thalamus

Answer 3

Brains sensory switchboard at the top of the Brainstem. Directs messages to cortex and transmits replies to cerebellum and medulla.

Question 4

Hippocampus

Answer 4

Located in the limbic system. Processes explicit memories for storage. Remembers visual locations or pictures.

Question 5

Pons

Answer 5

Part of the Brainstem. It conducts signals from the cerebrum to the cerebellum and medulla. Carries sensory signals to the thalamus.

Question 6

Cerebellum

Answer 6

The little brain attached to the rear of the Brainstem. It processes sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance.

Question 7

Limbic system

Answer 7

A donut shaped system associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as food and sex. The hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus are here.

Question 8

Amygdala

Answer 8

2 Lima bean sized neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion.

Question 9

Hypothalamus

Answer 9

Lies below the thalamus. Several maintenance activities such as eating, drinking, and temperature. Helps govern the endocrine via the pituitary gland. Linked to emotion.

Question 10

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 10

The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres; the ultimate control and information processing center.

Question 11

Glial Cells

Answer 11

Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons.

Question 12

Frontal lobes

Answer 12

The portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead. Involved in speaking and muscle movements, marking plans and judgements.

Question 13

Occipital lobes

Answer 13

The portion of the cerebral cortex lying in the back of the head. Includes visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field.

Question 14

Parietal lobes

Answer 14

The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head towards the rear. Receives sensory input for touch and body position.

Question 15

Temporal lobes

Answer 15

The portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears. Includes the auditory areas each of which receives auditory information from the opposite ear.

Question 16

Motor cortex

Answer 16

The area at the rear of the frontal lobes that control voluntary movement.

Question 17

Sensory Cortex

Answer 17

Aka parietal cortex. Receives information from skin surface and sense organs.

Question 18

Association areas

Answer 18

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in sensory functions; they are higher mental functions for learning, memory, thinking and speaking.

Question 19

Phineus Gage

Answer 19

A railroad construction worker who had a rod go through is head. It destroyed his left frontal lobe. His behavior and personality changed from soft spoken to angry.

Question 20

Aphasia

Answer 20

An impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage to Brocas or Wernickes area.

Question 21

Broca’s Area

Answer 21

Controls language expression. In the frontal lobe, left hemisphere. Coordinates muscle movements in speech and when it’s damaged it’ll leave impaired speech.

Question 22

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 22

In the left temporal lobe. Involved in comprehending language. Damage to this will cause impairment in understanding.

Question 23

Plasticity

Answer 23

The brains capacity for modification as evident in brain reorganization following stage and in experiments on brain development.

Question 24

Corpus Callosum

Answer 24

The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them.

Question 25

Split brain

Answer 25

A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connections fibers between them. (usually from the corpus callosum)