Chapter 12- Motivation And Work Flashcards
Instinct
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
Motivation
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
Drive-Reduction theory
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of normal chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
Incentives
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
Optimal Arousal Theory
To little, as well as too much, stimulation can motivate people to seek an optimum level of arousal.
Abraham Maslow
Founded the humanistic perspective. Made the hierarchy of needs. Focused on healthy growth.
Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.
Glucose
The form of sugar that circulates in blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When level is low, we feel hungry.
Set point
The point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set when the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
Basal Metabolic Rate
The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure.
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder in which a normal- weight person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet still feeling fat, continues to starve.
Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercises.
Alfred Kinsey
The first American figure of sexology.
Sexual response cycle
The 4 stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson-excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
