Chapter 6- Perception

Question 0

Selective attention

Answer 0

At any moment our awareness focuses on only a limited aspect of all we experience

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events

Question 2

Cocktail party effect

Answer 2

The ability to attend to only one voice among many.

Question 3

Inattentional blindness

Answer 3

Failing to see visual objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.

Question 4

Change blindness

Answer 4

Inattentional blindness (gorilla in room, directions)

Question 5

Change deafness

Answer 5

Inattentional deafness (voice changes during a reading of list of words)

Question 6

Choice blindness

Answer 6

Inattentional blindness (choosing the face you didn’t pick)

Question 7

Choice-blindness blindness

Answer 7

Exhibiting denial (blindness) to falling victim to a hypothetical experiment.

Question 8

Pop-out phenomenon

Answer 8

When a distinct stimulus draws attention (not a choice) (seeing a happy face in a crowd of sad faces)

Question 9

Illusions

Answer 9

Reveal the ways we normally organize and interpret our sensations.

Question 10

Visual capture

Answer 10

The tendency for vision to dominate other senses.

Question 11

Gestalt

Answer 11

An organized whole. Psychologists use our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.

Question 12

Figure-ground

Answer 12

The organization of visual fields (the figures) that stand out form their surroundings (ground). (Arrows/men going up the stairs).

Question 13

Grouping

Answer 13

The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into convenient groups.

Question 14

Proximity

Answer 14

We group nearby figures together. We don’t see 6 separate lines, but 3 sets of 2.

Question 15

Similarity

Answer 15

We group together figures that are similar. Triangles and circles are vertical columns of similar shapes, not horizontal different shapes.

Question 16

Continuity

Answer 16

Perceiving a smooth continuos pattern versus non continuous. Alternating semicircles are seen as a wavy and straight line.

Question 17

Connectedness

Answer 17

Because they are uniform and linked, we perceive the two dots and the line between them as s single unity.

Question 18

Closure

Answer 18

We fill the gaps to create a complete who object. (House)

Question 19

Depth perception

Answer 19

The ability to see objects in 3D although the images are 2D. Allows us to judge distance. Optical illusions

Question 20

Visual cliff

Answer 20

A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals.

Question 21

Binocular cues

Answer 21

Depth cues, such as retina disparity and convergence, that depends on the use of two eyes.

Question 22

Retinal disparity

Answer 22

A binocular cue for perceiving depth. By comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance. The greater the disparity, the closer the object.

Question 23

Convergence

Answer 23

A binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. The greater the inward strain,the closer the object.

Question 24

Monocular cues

Answer 24

Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone.

Question 25

Relative size

Answer 25

If two objects are similar in size, yet one looks smaller, the object will seem farther away.

Question 26

Interposition

Answer 26

If an object blocks our view of another, it seems closer.

Question 27

Relative clarity

Answer 27

Hazy objects will be perceived as farther away.

Question 28

Texture gradient

Answer 28

Big textures seem closer than smaller ones.

Question 29

Relative height

Answer 29

High objects are farther away (tall glasses look fuller)

Question 30

Relative motion

Answer 30

Stable objects appear to move (like being in a car). The nearer the object, the faster it moves.

Question 31

Linear perspective

Answer 31

Converging lines add distance

Question 32

Light and shadow

Answer 32

Near objects are lighter. Shadows depths come from us knowing that light comes from above.

Question 33

Phi phenomenon

Answer 33

An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink in and off in quick succession.

Question 34

Stroboscopic movement

Answer 34

The optical illusion of perceiving continuos motion between spread objects viewed rapidly in succession.

Question 35

Perceptual constancy

Answer 35

Perceiving objects as unchanging (having constant light, color, shape, etc. ) even as illumination and retinal images change.

Question 36

Perceptual adaptation

Answer 36

In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or inverted visual field.

Question 37

Context effects

Answer 37

Psychology that describes the influence of environmental factors on ones perception of a stimulus.

Question 38

Perceptual set

Answer 38

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.

Question 39

Human factors psychologists

Answer 39

A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy use.

Question 40

Extrasensory perception

Answer 40

Reception of information not gained through physical senses but sensed with the mind.

Question 41

Parapsychology

Answer 41

A field of study concerned with the investigation of paranormal and psychic phenomena.

Question 42

Schemas

Answer 42

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.