Chapter 4- Development (2nd Half)

Question 0

Imprinting

Answer 0

The process by which certain animals form attachment during a critical period very early in life.

Question 1

Critical Period

Answer 1

An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism’s exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development.

Question 2

Basic Trust

Answer 2

According Erik Erickson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.

Question 3

Self- Concept

Answer 3

A sense of ones identity and personal worth.

Question 4

Authoritarian Parents

Answer 4

Restrictive, punishment heavy parenting style. Parents make children follow directions with little to no explanation.

Question 5

Permissive Parents

Answer 5

Having few behavioral expectations for the child. Parents are involved in child’s life, but there are few rules.

Question 6

Authoritative Parents

Answer 6

A child- centered approach. Holds high expectations of maturity. They help kids with problems and let them be independent with limits on their actions.

Question 7

Adolescence

Answer 7

The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.

Question 8

Puberty

Answer 8

The period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.

Question 9

Primary Sex Traits

Answer 9

The body structures (ovaries, tested, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible.

Question 10

Secondary Sex Traits

Answer 10

Non reproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair.

Question 11

Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 11

Sought to describe the development of moral reasoning, the thinking that occurs as we consider right and wrong. Posed dilemmas for kids, adults, and adolescents to analyze answers.

Question 12

Preconventional Morality

Answer 12

Before age 9, most children have a preconventional morality of self-interest. They obey either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards.

Question 13

Conventional Morality

Answer 13

By early adolescence, morality usually evolves to a more conventional level that cares for others and upholds laws and social rules simply because they are laws and rules.

Question 14

Post conventional Morality

Answer 14

Some of those who develop the abstract reasoning of formal operational thought may come to third level. Affirms people’s agreed- upon rights or follows what one perceives as basic ethical principles.

Question 15

Menarche

Answer 15

The first menstrual period.

Question 16

Erik Erikson

Answer 16

Theorist that contended that each stage of life has its own psychosocial task, a crisis that needs resolution.

Question 17

Identity

Answer 17

Ones sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescents task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.

Question 18

Intimacy

Answer 18

In Erickson’s theory, the ability to form close loving relationships. A primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.

Question 19

Menopause

Answer 19

The time of natural cessation of menstratuon, also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.

Question 20

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 20

A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and finally physical functioning.

Question 21

Cross-sectional study

Answer 21

A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another.

Question 22

Longitudinal study

Answer 22

Research in which the same people are resided and retested over a long period.

Question 23

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 23

Ones accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.

Question 24

Fluid intelligence

Answer 24

Ones ability to respond speedily and abstractly, tends to decrease during late adulthood.

Question 25

Social Clock

Answer 25

The culturally preferred timing of social events, such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.