Chapter 9- Memory (1st Half) Flashcards
Flashbulb Memories
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.
Memory
The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.
Encoding
The processing of information into the memory system- for example, by extracting meaning.
Storage
The retention of encoded information over time.
Retrieval
The process of getting information out of memory storage.
Sensory memory
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system.
Short- term memory
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten.
Long-term memory
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
Working memory
A newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory.
Automatic processing
Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well learned information such as word meanings.
Effortful processing
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
Rehearsal
The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it consciously or to encode it for storage.
Spacing effect
The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study or practice.
Serial position effect
Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list.
Visual encoding
The encoding of picture images.
