Prologue Flashcards
Psychology
The scientific study of behavior and mental process
Must have 1 of these:
1) Natural Observation
2) Survey
3) Case Study
4) Correlation Study
5) Experimental Research -> most effective
Behaviorist
Psychologists that study only things they can see
Cognitave
Thinking
Rods
part of the eye that carries black and white colors to the brain
in the outer parts of the eye
Cones
part of the eye that carries color to the brain
in the inner parts of eye
2 types:
1) Red Green
2) Blue Yellow
After Image Effect
- Brain creates a new color by using opponent colors
- a mistake
- cones or rods burn out so eye produces the opposite color
Opponent processes of the Human Body
If one thing happens in extreme (in the body), shortly after the opposite happens
e. g. -drinking too much alcohol then hang over
- sugar rush then crashing
Homeostasis
body wants to balance
opponent process of the human body
Trephing
(2000 BCE)
Putting holes into people’s heads
used for draining out tumors
Thinking about the mind - Greeks
(350 BCE)
Plato - Nature, mind continues after death
Aristotle - Nurture, mind dies with body
Socrates - Introspection
Introspection
You think about your own body
guessing
(350 BCE) - Socrates
Phrenology
(1600)
Study bumps on heads to predict occupation
all wrong
John Locke
(1700’s)
Mind is blank at birth - Nurture
Empiricism
Empiricism
To study the mind, record observations
keep data
Wilhem Wundt
(1879)
Father of Psychology
Studied reaction time
Psycho/Physics
Psycho/Physics
Dropping a ball from a ladder and timing how long it takes for people to react to the ball hitting the ground
Edward Titchner
(Early 1900’s)
- Teacher at Cornell
- Structuralism
- Task of psychology is to identify parts of the brain you’re using
Structuralism
parts of the body do different things
use introspection
William James
(Early 1900’s)
Teacher at Harvard
Functionalism
wrote Principles of Psychology - still used today
Functionalism
outside world controls body
still around today
turns into Behaviorism
Stanly Hall
(Early 1900’s)
Started A.P.A - American Psychological Association
Mary Whiton Calkins
(1905)
1st Female president of A.P.A
John B. Watson and BF Skinner
Behaviorism
used rewards and punishments to condition people
Ken Clark
(1954)
Doll Study
- took black and white dolls around US and talked to children
- asked questions about which doll was better
- subjects always picked the white doll
