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Psychology > Ch 2: The Biology of Mind > Flashcards

Ch 2: The Biology of Mind Flashcards

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1
Q

Synaptic Gap

A

The gap between neurons in a neuron chain

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2
Q

Neurons

(drawing)

A
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3
Q

Dendrites

A
  • Part of Neuron
  • Pick up stimulation from outside or inside of body
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4
Q

Glial Cells

A

Feed the neuron

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5
Q

Resting Potential

A

(+)ions on the outside, (-)ions on the inside

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6
Q

Action Potential

A

Electrical charge down the Axon to the Neurotransmitters

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7
Q

Neurotransmitters

A
  • 6 types
  • come out of Neuron and touch the dendrite of the next neuron to stimulate it
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8
Q

Myelin Sheath

A
  • Protects the axon
  • If gone, the electricity does’t get to the neurotransmitters
  • MS - multiple sclorosis - destruction of the myelin sheath
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9
Q

Refractory Period

A

(+)ions shoot out of neuron to wait to comeback in

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10
Q

All or None

A
  • neurons release the same amout of electricity no matter the size of the stimulus
  • If there is a big stimulus, neurons release electricity more often
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11
Q

Reuptake

A

neurotransmitters coming back into the neuron

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12
Q

Plasticity

A
  • Neurotransmitters are eaten then things are released that other neurons are attracted to
  • other neuron chains take over dead neuron’s jobs
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13
Q

Neural Highway

A

neuron highway to the brain

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14
Q

4 Types of Neurons

1) Sensory
2) Interneurons
3) Motor
4) Reflex

A
  1. Sensory - (afferent) - goes through the spinal chord
    • takes info to the brain
  2. Interneurons - neurons in spinal chord and brain
  3. Motor - (efferent) - goes to body from brain
    • sends info to body to react to something
  4. Reflex - goes to spinal chord and straight back
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15
Q

Acetylcholine

A

A Neurotransmitter

  • (ACH)
  • most abundant and most used
  • used for Movement and memory
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16
Q

Dopamine

A

A Neurotransmitter

  • Attention and emotions
  • too much = schizophrenia
  • too little = parkinsons
  • cocane blocks reuptake of Dopamine
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17
Q

Serotonin

A

A Neurotransmitter

  • mood and sleep
  • not enough = depression
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18
Q

Norepinephrine

A

A Neurotransmitter

  • alertness and rousal
  • not enough = depression
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19
Q

Endorphines

A

A Neurotransmitter

  • stop pain
  • *Inhibitory*
  • blocks pain messages
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20
Q

GABA

A

A Neurotransmitter

  • (Gammo Amino Butric Acid)
  • stops eating signals to brain
  • makes you think you’re full
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21
Q

Lesion

A
  • brain damage
  • black spots on brain
22
Q

Electroencephalogram

(EEG)

A
  • Measures electricity in brain
  • measures the neurons firing
  • checks for concussions
23
Q

Computerized Axial Tomography

(CAT Scan)

A
  • series of X-Rays
  • can see tissue
24
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imagry

(fMRI)

A
  • Can see soft tissue
  • shows path of fluid in part of body
    • shows if tissue is torn or not
25
Q

Positron Emmission Tomography

(PET Scan)

A
  • Shows brain activity location
  • after drinking Radioactive Glucse in sugar water
26
Q

Brain Stem

A
  • Oldest part of the brain
  • includes Medula, RAS, and Thalamus
27
Q

Medula

A

Sends messages to Lungs and Heart

28
Q

Reticular Activating System

(RAS)

A
  • Neurons go through it
  • monitors neurons coming to the brain
  • causes you to be alert or sllepy
  • Alcohol numbs RAS
29
Q

Thalamus

A

Sends neurons to where they need to be

30
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls movement and balance

31
Q

Hippocampus

A

stores new memories

32
Q

Amygdala

A

handles Aggression and Fear

33
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • Pleasure center
  • sex, arousal, hunger, thirst
  • controls the pituary gland
34
Q

Pitutary gland

A
  • “The Master Gland”
  • controls endocrine system - hormone system
35
Q

Limbic System

A

the top of the brain

36
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Surface of brain - Wrinkled Surface

37
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Personality, appropriate emotions

38
Q

Phineas Gage

A
  • (1848)
  • metal spike goes through forntal lobe
  • went from very nice to very mean
  • completely changed his personality
39
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

math and logic

40
Q

Temporal Lobe

A
  • controls ears
  • ears are processed in both sides of the brain at the same time
41
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Vision

42
Q

Motor Cortex Strip

A
  • For touching
  • In the Frontal Lobe
  • movement
43
Q

Sensory Cortex Strip

A
  • Touching
  • sensations
  • in the Prietal Lobe
44
Q

Left vs Right Hemisphere

A

Left

  • Abstract Throught
  • Language
  • Speech
  • Numbers and Math

Right

  • Creativity
  • Imagination
  • Passion
  • Music and Art
45
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Pronounce words

Expressive Speach

46
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

understand other’s words

47
Q

Angslar Gyros

A

Read written words out loud

48
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Nerves in Brain & Spinal Chord

49
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A
  1. Somatic - Goingout from spinal chord to muscles
  2. Autonomic - sends messages to organs
    1. Sympathetic - fight or flight
    2. Parasympathetic - rest or calming
50
Q

Phantom Limb System

A

You recieve sensations from a lost limb

Psychology (17 decks)

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