Ch 8: Memory

Question 1

Flash Bulb Memory

Answer 1

a very strong memory

due to stress hormones

Question 2

Information Processing

Encoding

Storage

Retrieval

Answer 2

• Encoding - storing info in your brain
• Storage - keeping info in your brain
• Retrieval​ - get info out

Question 3

Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon

Answer 3

you know it’s in your brain, but you can’t retrieve it

Question 4

Richard Atinson and Richard Shinffer

3 stage model of Memory

1. Sensory Memory
2. Short Term Memory
3. ​Long Term Memory

Answer 4

1. Sensory
   
   1. ​iconic - (visual) - stays for 0.5 sec
   2. Eidetic Imagry - photographic memory
      
      1. very rare
   3. echoic - (auditory) - starys for 3-4 seconds
2. Short Term
   
   1. _​_working memory
   2. **holds 7+-2 items
3. Long Term
   
   1. _​_encode memory into brain
   2. withing 24 hours

Question 5

Automatic Encoding

Answer 5

go into long term memory by itself

time and frequency

insults and compliments

Question 6

Effortful Encodng

Maintenance Rehersal

Elaborate Rehersal

Answer 6

you must either use Maintenance Rehersal or Elaborate Rehersal

• Maintenance Rehersal - repeating info over and over
  
  • repetition
• Elaborate Rehersal - self reference - narrative/story
  
  • mneumic device - tricks or jingles
  • chunking - grouping things to remember them
  • hierarchies - order info

Question 7

Herman Ebbinghaus

Answer 7

father of memory research

used nonsense syllables(e.g. BAZ, DAX) to test memory

Question 8

Next in Line Effect

Answer 8

• people say who thery are and take a test on who others are
  
  • person before you = person you know the least

Question 9

Serial Position Effect

Answer 9

know first and last items in a list the best

Question 10

Primary Effect

Answer 10

know the first few items in a list the best

Question 11

Recency Effect

Answer 11

know the last few items in a list the best

Question 12

Retrieval

1. Priming
2. Mood Congruent
3. Context Dependent
4. State Dependent

Answer 12

• getting info out of memory

1. Priming - find the right schema
2. Mood Congruent - be in the same mood
3. Context Dependent - same location/atmosphere
4. State Dependent - same mental state

Question 13

Elizabeth Loftus

Answer 13

• most of memory is reconstructed - false memories

Question 14

Forgetting Theories

Retroactive Interference

Proactive Interference

Answer 14

• Retroactive Interference - new learning interferes with old
  
  • e.g. new cell # makes you forget home #
• Proactive Interference - older learning interferes with new
  
  • e.g. old # makes new # harder to learn

Question 15

Amnesia

Answer 15

• forgetting everything
• usually caused by an accident
• Anterograde -can’t remember anything after accident
• Retrograde - can’t remember anything before an accident
• Infinite Amnesia - forget things before age 3
• Source Amnesia - you remember things but not the source