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Psychology > Ch 6: Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Ch 6: Sensation and Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Sensation

A

detect physical energy

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2
Q

Perception

A

give things meaning

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3
Q

Senses - (7)

A
  1. Vision
  2. Hearing
  3. Taste
  4. Touch
  5. Smell
  6. Vestibular
  7. Kinesthesis
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4
Q

Bottom Up Processing

A

begin with senses and move up to the brain

Doesn’t tell you what you’re sensing

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5
Q

Top Down Processing

A

Higher level thinking is used

use all “experiences” and “causes” that you know to figure something out

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6
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

the minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time

how much of a stimulation is needed to detect a stimulus

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7
Q

Signal Detection Theory

A
  • goes against Absolute Threshold
  • senses heighten when in extreeme cases or special circumstances
  • brain senses better, senses do not get better
  • e.g. war
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8
Q

Subliminal

A

below the Absolute Threshold

can’t sense it

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9
Q

Subliminal Messages

A
  • messages that you can’t sense
  • e.g. a picture flashes before your eyes that you can’t see
  • no evidence it can make you do something big
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10
Q

Weber’s Law

A

the larger or stronger the stimulus, then you need an even stronger one to notice a difference

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11
Q

Sensory Adaptation

A

your senses will adapt to repeated new stimulations from being used to it

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12
Q

Visual Capture

A

the eye is the most dominant sense

capturing an image

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13
Q

Cornea

A

transparent shield that protects the eye

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14
Q

Iris

A

color of the eye

regulates the pupil

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15
Q

Pupil

A

opening in the eye

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16
Q

*Lens

A

Focuses incoming light to fovea - Accomodation

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17
Q

Fovea

A

the correct part where light should go in the eye

gives the best vision

focal point of the eye

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18
Q

Bipolar cells and Ganglean Cells

A

Sends info to the brain

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19
Q

Transduction

A

converts outside energy into a neural message

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20
Q

Nearsightedness

A

can’t see far away, but can see up close

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21
Q

Farsightedness

A

can’t see close up, but can see far away

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22
Q

Cataract

A

cloudy film covers lens

old age

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23
Q

Astigmatism

A

“slime” on cornea - bump on cornea

requires lasic surgery

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24
Q

Young, Helmholtz Trichomatic Theory

A

you have 3 different cones

  1. Red
  2. Green
  3. Blue

when the cones cross, you get different colors

25
Opponent Process Theory of Color
3 cones, but each has an opponent color 1. Red - Green 2. Blue - Yellow 3. White - Black Explains After-Image Effect
26
Color Deficent
Red/Green defficent - _Dichromatic_ - most common
27
\*Color Constancy
Brain remembers what certain colors things should be and tries to make you happy glancing at something, that thing can look a different color because that's what you think it should be
28
Olfaction
Smell route: nasal receptors -\> Olfactory Nerve -\> Olfactory Bulb -\> memory bank
29
Anosmia
loss of smell
30
Gustatory
Taste
31
taste buds Gustatory receptors
can be burned, but come back in 7-14 days alcohol and smoking = lose sensivity
32
5 basic tastes
1. Sour 2. Salty 3. Sweet 4. Bitter 5. \*UMAMI - meat taste \*spicy is not a taste \*lips have largest area of sensory neurons in body per inch
33
Audition
Hearing
34
Decibles
measuring unit for sound 140 - Rock Band 60-Normal Conversation 20-Whisper
35
Tymphanic Membrane
(ear drum) amplfies sound to keep it going through ear if punctured - hearing loss - _conduction deafness_ - will heal
36
Eustachin Tube
releaves pressure when swallowing leads to throat
37
Hammer, Iacas, Stirup | (Madeus, Anvil, Stapes)
bones that help move sound by vibrating
38
Cilia
* Hairs on the cochlea * each attached to a nerve * hears sound when ear fluid gets it wet * louder sounds = more cilia stimulated
39
Auditory Nerve
nerve from cilia to brain goes to right and left sides at the same time
40
Vestibular Sense
Balance Sense controlled by semi-circle canals
41
Place Theory
Theory about hearing different pitches certain place in cochlea is stimulated
42
Frequency Theory
Theory about hearing different pitches certain # of cilia need to go down
43
Kinesthesis Sense
knowing where your body parts are pinting in muscles, joints, and tendons
44
Sensory Restriction
taking a day off reducing the amount of stimulus coming in
45
Deprivation
no stimulus for days makes people go crazy
46
Ways to stop pain #1 Gate Theory
a bucket of ice water down back - causes too much stimuli to jam other signals
47
Ways to stop pain #2 Distract Mind
when having a baby, mother takes a course to help stop pain distracts the mind from the pain
48
Ways to stop pain #3 Endorphins
get body to release endorphines - natural pain killers
49
Ways to stop pain #4 Drugs
mimic endorphines
50
McGurk Effect
using more than one sense at a time - Sensory Interaction a blending of 2 senses - hear and see something different
51
Influences on Perception - (4) 1. _Experiences_ 2. _Needs_ 3. _Moods_ 4. _\*Collective Perception_
1. _Experience_ - past experiences give you wrong answers 1. e.g. red, white, and ? - most say "blue" because of USA colors 2. _Needs_ - when you need something, you tend to see it when it's not there 1. e.g. hungry, far away yellow curved track could look like McDonald's sign 3. _Moods_ - different moods change how you see or feel things 1. e.g. get into an argument before an event - event seems worse than it really is 4. _Collective Perception_ - (group think) 1. group of people think one way - make others think that same way
52
Selective Attention
* Multi-tasking * can do 2 things, but can only really focus on 1 * e.g. cell phone experiment - people on cell phones miss 1/2 of street signs
53
Change Blindness
when focusing on one thing, we can change your environment and you will not notice
54
Organization - Gestalt
* Brain likes to see the whole * organizes using 4 ways 1. _Proximity_ 2. _Similarity_ 3. _Continuity_ 4. _Connectedness_ 5. _Closure_
55
Auto Kinetic Effect
in dark, when you stare at a single light, it will appear to move when it actually is standing still
56
Phi Phenomenon
Lights that blink will still look on - moving circle of dots
57
Stroboscopic Motion
if you flip, in rapid progression, a series of still pics, they will move e.g. flip bok, stop motion
58
Visual Cliff
lab tool to test depth perception table with clear glass on half of it
59
Perception - (2) 1. _Binocular Cues_ 1. ​_Retnal Disparity_ 2. _Convergence_ 2. _Monocular Cue_ 1. _​__interposition_ 2. _light+shadow_ 3. _linear perspective_ 4. _relative clarity_ 5. _relative height_ 6. _motion parallox_ 7. _relative size_ 8. _texture gradient_
1. _Binocular Cues_ - using 2 eyes to percieve depth 1. _Retnal Disparity_ - images come into each eye's retna in different places 2. _Convergence_ - both eyes turn in when something is close 2. _Monocular Cues_ - using one eye to percieve depth 1. _interposition_ - closer obj. blocks others 2. _light+shadow_ - closer obj. are brighter(reflect more) 3. _linear perspective_ - parallel lines come together far away 1. ponzo effect 4. _relative clarity_ - hazy (fog) obj. looks farther away 5. _relative height_ - taller obj. looks farther away 6. _motion parallox_ - as you go forward, fixed obj. look like they're going backward 7. _relative size_ - larger obj. look closer if 2 obj. are the same size 8. _texture gradient_ - closer obj. are in more detail

Psychology (17 decks)

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