Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Ch 6: Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Ch 6: Sensation and Perception Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Sensation

A

detect physical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Perception

A

give things meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Senses - (7)

A
  1. Vision
  2. Hearing
  3. Taste
  4. Touch
  5. Smell
  6. Vestibular
  7. Kinesthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bottom Up Processing

A

begin with senses and move up to the brain

Doesn’t tell you what you’re sensing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Top Down Processing

A

Higher level thinking is used

use all “experiences” and “causes” that you know to figure something out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

the minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time

how much of a stimulation is needed to detect a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Signal Detection Theory

A
  • goes against Absolute Threshold
  • senses heighten when in extreeme cases or special circumstances
  • brain senses better, senses do not get better
  • e.g. war
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Subliminal

A

below the Absolute Threshold

can’t sense it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Subliminal Messages

A
  • messages that you can’t sense
  • e.g. a picture flashes before your eyes that you can’t see
  • no evidence it can make you do something big
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Weber’s Law

A

the larger or stronger the stimulus, then you need an even stronger one to notice a difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sensory Adaptation

A

your senses will adapt to repeated new stimulations from being used to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Visual Capture

A

the eye is the most dominant sense

capturing an image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cornea

A

transparent shield that protects the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Iris

A

color of the eye

regulates the pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pupil

A

opening in the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

*Lens

A

Focuses incoming light to fovea - Accomodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fovea

A

the correct part where light should go in the eye

gives the best vision

focal point of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bipolar cells and Ganglean Cells

A

Sends info to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Transduction

A

converts outside energy into a neural message

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nearsightedness

A

can’t see far away, but can see up close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Farsightedness

A

can’t see close up, but can see far away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cataract

A

cloudy film covers lens

old age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Astigmatism

A

“slime” on cornea - bump on cornea

requires lasic surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Young, Helmholtz Trichomatic Theory

A

you have 3 different cones

  1. Red
  2. Green
  3. Blue

when the cones cross, you get different colors

25
Q

Opponent Process Theory of Color

A

3 cones, but each has an opponent color

  1. Red - Green
  2. Blue - Yellow
  3. White - Black

Explains After-Image Effect

26
Q

Color Deficent

A

Red/Green defficent - Dichromatic - most common

27
Q

*Color Constancy

A

Brain remembers what certain colors things should be and tries to make you happy

glancing at something, that thing can look a different color because that’s what you think it should be

28
Q

Olfaction

A

Smell

route:

nasal receptors -> Olfactory Nerve -> Olfactory Bulb -> memory bank

29
Q

Anosmia

A

loss of smell

30
Q

Gustatory

A

Taste

31
Q

taste buds

Gustatory receptors

A

can be burned, but come back in 7-14 days

alcohol and smoking = lose sensivity

32
Q

5 basic tastes

A
  1. Sour
  2. Salty
  3. Sweet
  4. Bitter
  5. *UMAMI - meat taste

*spicy is not a taste

*lips have largest area of sensory neurons in body per inch

33
Q

Audition

A

Hearing

34
Q

Decibles

A

measuring unit for sound

140 - Rock Band

60-Normal Conversation

20-Whisper

35
Q

Tymphanic Membrane

A

(ear drum)

amplfies sound to keep it going through ear

if punctured - hearing loss - conduction deafness - will heal

36
Q

Eustachin Tube

A

releaves pressure when swallowing

leads to throat

37
Q

Hammer, Iacas, Stirup

(Madeus, Anvil, Stapes)

A

bones that help move sound by vibrating

38
Q

Cilia

A
  • Hairs on the cochlea
  • each attached to a nerve
  • hears sound when ear fluid gets it wet
  • louder sounds = more cilia stimulated
39
Q

Auditory Nerve

A

nerve from cilia to brain

goes to right and left sides at the same time

40
Q

Vestibular Sense

A

Balance Sense

controlled by semi-circle canals

41
Q

Place Theory

A

Theory about hearing different pitches

certain place in cochlea is stimulated

42
Q

Frequency Theory

A

Theory about hearing different pitches

certain # of cilia need to go down

43
Q

Kinesthesis Sense

A

knowing where your body parts are pinting

in muscles, joints, and tendons

44
Q

Sensory Restriction

A

taking a day off

reducing the amount of stimulus coming in

45
Q

Deprivation

A

no stimulus for days

makes people go crazy

46
Q

Ways to stop pain #1

Gate Theory

A

a bucket of ice water down back - causes too much stimuli to jam other signals

47
Q

Ways to stop pain #2

Distract Mind

A

when having a baby, mother takes a course to help stop pain

distracts the mind from the pain

48
Q

Ways to stop pain #3

Endorphins

A

get body to release endorphines - natural pain killers

49
Q

Ways to stop pain #4

Drugs

A

mimic endorphines

50
Q

McGurk Effect

A

using more than one sense at a time - Sensory Interaction

a blending of 2 senses - hear and see something different

51
Q

Influences on Perception - (4)

  1. Experiences
  2. Needs
  3. Moods
  4. *Collective Perception
A
  1. Experience - past experiences give you wrong answers
    1. e.g. red, white, and ? - most say “blue” because of USA colors
  2. Needs - when you need something, you tend to see it when it’s not there
    1. e.g. hungry, far away yellow curved track could look like McDonald’s sign
  3. Moods - different moods change how you see or feel things
    1. e.g. get into an argument before an event - event seems worse than it really is
  4. Collective Perception - (group think)
    1. group of people think one way - make others think that same way
52
Q

Selective Attention

A
  • Multi-tasking
  • can do 2 things, but can only really focus on 1
  • e.g. cell phone experiment - people on cell phones miss 1/2 of street signs
53
Q

Change Blindness

A

when focusing on one thing, we can change your environment and you will not notice

54
Q

Organization - Gestalt

A
  • Brain likes to see the whole
  • organizes using 4 ways
  1. Proximity
  2. Similarity
  3. Continuity
  4. Connectedness
  5. Closure
55
Q

Auto Kinetic Effect

A

in dark, when you stare at a single light, it will appear to move when it actually is standing still

56
Q

Phi Phenomenon

A

Lights that blink will still look on - moving circle of dots

57
Q

Stroboscopic Motion

A

if you flip, in rapid progression, a series of still pics, they will move

e.g. flip bok, stop motion

58
Q

Visual Cliff

A

lab tool to test depth perception

table with clear glass on half of it

59
Q

Perception - (2)

  1. Binocular Cues
    1. ​Retnal Disparity
    2. Convergence
  2. Monocular Cue
    1. ​__interposition
    2. light+shadow
    3. linear perspective
    4. relative clarity
    5. relative height
    6. motion parallox
    7. relative size
    8. texture gradient
A
  1. Binocular Cues - using 2 eyes to percieve depth
    1. Retnal Disparity - images come into each eye’s retna in different places
    2. Convergence - both eyes turn in when something is close
  2. Monocular Cues - using one eye to percieve depth
    1. interposition - closer obj. blocks others
    2. light+shadow - closer obj. are brighter(reflect more)
    3. linear perspective - parallel lines come together far away
      1. ponzo effect
    4. relative clarity - hazy (fog) obj. looks farther away
    5. relative height - taller obj. looks farther away
    6. motion parallox - as you go forward, fixed obj. look like they’re going backward
    7. relative size - larger obj. look closer if 2 obj. are the same size
    8. texture gradient - closer obj. are in more detail

Psychology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions