Ch 5: The Developing Person Throughout Life Flashcards
Prenatal Stage
- 3 stages
- Zygote - fertalized egg - (0-10 days)
- Embryo - attached to uturus wall (2 weeks - 2 months)
-
Fetus - looks human - (9 weeks to birth)
- at 6 months, it is responsive to sound and knows mother’s voice
Teratogens
- harmful agents that permeate the placenta and hurt the baby
- any bad thing that can enter the baby’s body
- e.g. Alcohol, drugs, viruses
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
F.A.S.
mother drinks heavily during pregnancy
baby has severe mental problems and an oversized head
Reflexes babies are born with - (6)
- Rooting Reflex
- Withdraw Relfex
- Moro Reflex
- Palmer Reflex
- Bakinski Reflex
- Sphincter Reflex
- Rooting Reflex - touch cheek and baby turns to that side to look for food
- Withdraw Reflex - move away from pain
- Moro Reflex - arch back when scared
- Palmer Reflex - tighten hand when something touches foot
- Bakinski Reflex - spread toes when something touches foot
- Sphincter Reflex - Anus will open and close with pressure - for poop
Habituation
decreasing responses due to repeated stimulations
e.g. mobiles above baby’s crib
*Jean Piaget
- father of child cognitive development
- babies brains are woking harder because their brain is still building
- core idea - kids are different than adults because:
- kids are active thinkers
- kids try to understand the world by building schemas
Schema
- mental molds that organize info
- works like a database
- when recieving new info, brain looks to older schemas for answers, can mistake something for another ifthey have similar traits
Assimilate
putting new experiences in a schema that already exists
Accomodate
creating a new schema
Piaget Stage Theory - (4)
- Sensorimotor
- Preoperational
- Concrete Operational
- Formal Operational
-
Sensorimotor - (0-2) - you experience world through touch and taste
- object permanance
- stranger anxiety
-
Preoperational - (2-6) - Learn language but no logic
- egocentric
- lack conservation
- Concrete Operational - (7 - 12) - can understand logic, jokes, and do basic math
- Formal Operational - (12 - adult) - have abstract thinking, concepts, symbols, and can deduce consequences
Object Permanance
knowing an object is still there when you can’t see it
Stranger Anxiety
fear of strangers
Egocentric
world revolves around the kid
e.g. “Why is the moon following me?”
Conservation
no logic
e.g. tall and fat containers - same volume - can’t tell which can hold more liquid when they are the same
Erik Erikson
8 Social Stages
- Trust vs Mistrust
- Autonomy vs “Shame on You”
- Initiative vs Guilt
- Industry vs Inferiority
- *Identity vs Role Confusion
- Intimacy vs Isolation
- Productivity vs Stagnation
- Integrity vs Despair
- (0 - 1.5) - Trust vs Mistrust
- baby calling for people to help with hunger and dirty diapers
- (1.5 - 3) - Autonomy vs “Shame on you”
- kids try to do things on their own, but are too uncoordinated
- (3-6) - Initiative vs Guilt
- kids try to act like their parents and try to do tasks they can’t do
- (6-puberity) - Industry vs Inferiority
- Industry = kids doing really well at things
- Inferiority = kids doing poorly at things
- (teens) - Identity vs Role Confusion
- finding what your future is going to be
- (young Adult) - Intimacy vs Isolation
- wetheror not you want a partner in life
- (middle age) - Productivity vs Stagnation
- are you accomplishing things
- (old age) - Integrity vs Despair
- reflecting on your life
Lawrence Kohlberg
Moral Development - (3)
- Preconventional
- Conventional
- Postconventional
-
Preconventional - avoid punishment or gain reward
- thinking you can gain something out of doing something
-
Conventional - gain approval or it’s the law!
- do things because it’s the law or you hope to gain someone’s approval
-
Postconventional - “I believe some abstract principal” or Social Contrast(It’s the right thing to do)
- you make up some reason why something’s there
Heinz Dilemma
steal medical drugs to save a loved one because you can’t pay for it
Development of Self Concept
- (15-18months) - self concept starts
- (8-10) - self concept becomes stable
- positive self concept results in confidence, independence, optimism
3 types of parenting
- Authoritarian
- Permissive
- Authorative
- Authoritarian - strict
- Permissive - freedom, independent
-
Authorative - comprimising, demanding but will listen
- leads to higher self confidence and higher self-esteem
Harry Harlow
- Attachment Development
- attachment is not from food, but from being soft, warm and comforting
- monkey experiment - took baby monkies and put them in a room with a wire and felt monkey
- wire monkey has food
- when scared, the monkey will go to the soft felt monkey
Imprinting
form attachment from first care giver
all animals except humans
Critical Period
period after birth where you must be exposed to certain things or you will never get them
Mary Amsworth
- Experiment on strange situation
- invited kids into a strange room with mother in a different part of room - 2 types of kids
- kids would play - responsive mothers who came when called for
- kids wouldn’t play - unresponsive mothers
- kid follows mother to other part of room
Fluid Intelligence
how well you can learn a new thing
Crystallized Intelligence
what you already know
Social Clock
when is the right time to do something?
e.g. leaving home, marrying, having kids
Developmental Psychology
A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
