Ch 16: Social Psychology

Question 1

Social Psychology

Answer 1

How you think, feel, and behave in social situations

Question 2

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 2

When people do things to you (bad), you blame it on their personality; but when you do something to others, you blame it on the situation.

Internal vs External disposition factors

Question 3

Hawthorne Effect

Answer 3

If you know someone is watching you, your performance goes up

Question 4

Chameleon Effect

Answer 4

Blending in, adapting to what is going on around you

e.g. dancing, cloths

Question 5

Mere Exposure Effect

Answer 5

The more you are exposed to something, the more you like it

Question 6

Frustration/Aggression Principle

Answer 6

frustration leads to aggression

Question 7

What causes Friendship?

Answer 7

3 Things

1) Proximity - how close you are to others in general
- e.g. work place, school
2) Attractiveness
3) Similarity - need to have things in common

Question 8

Social Facilitation

Answer 8

If others are watching you, you give a stronger response on simple tasks

e.g. How fast do you leave an intersection?

Question 9

Social Loafting

Answer 9

If you are working together in a big group on a common goal, then your effort may decrease
e.g. tug of war

Question 10

Group Polarization

Answer 10

The enhancement of the group’s ideas after discussion

The group’s ideas get pulled to one side

Question 11

Group think

Answer 11

even if you think you know the answer, you will go with the group’s view

conformity

Asch Study

Question 12

Asch Study

Answer 12

Deals with conformity

people tend to answer wrong even though they know their wrong just because the group thinks the wrong answer is correct

Question 13

Kitty Genovese Case

Answer 13

(1964) Queens, NY

Bystander effect

Young girl raped and killed near apartment building, noone called the police because they thought other people already had

Question 14

Bystander Effect

Answer 14

If you think others are around, then you are less likely to help

Kitty Genovese Case

Question 15

Foot in the Door Phenomenon

Answer 15

Doing something small first will make it easier to do something big later

Question 16

*Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 16

You catch yourself doing something you don’t believe in and you fit your thoughts with your actions

Change the way you think

Question 17

Social Trap

Answer 17

Self interest leads to trouble

revenge can lead to trouble - accidentally mess with wrong people

Question 18

Stanly Milgram Study

Answer 18

on Obedience to Authority

(1963) at Yale

• created false ad advertising a “Learning & Memory Experiment”
• told subject they were a “Teacher” and another subject was a “Learner”
  
  • “Learner” was actually a confederate
• Teacher asked Learner questions and for each wrong answer, an electrical shock was given to the Learner
  
  • no shock was actually given
• the more questions the Learner got wrong, the higher the voltage the shock was
• 65% of Teachers went all the way to the highest shock voltage “XXX”.
• throughout the experiment, the Learner shouted in pain and asked to stop.

***the only real shock given was to the Teacher at the beginning to prove the shocks were real

Question 19

Tit for Tat

Answer 19

opposing sides will stop hurting you because it’s actually hurting them

when you are attacked, you retaliate every time

Question 20

G.R.I.T.

Answer 20

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension Reduction

most effective strategy for increasing trust

do something small, but nice for enemy
then wait for enemy to respond with something nice
repeat with increase in the niceness of the deed

Question 21

Social Exchange Theory

Answer 21

We weigh the cost of doing something
look for benefits

In economic terms - cost/benefit

Question 22

Just World Phenomenon

Answer 22

blame the victim

Question 23

Muzafer Sherif

Answer 23

Sherif Study on Conflict Resolution

• split 22 young boys into 2 groups
  
  • Rattlers vs Eagles
• said the 2 groups were against eachother for a prize
• boys stuck with their own group even when given the chance to mingle
• got the 2 groups to work together even after they hated eachother
  
  • work towards a common goal

Superordinate Goals

Question 24

Stanford Prison Experiment

Answer 24

Zimbardo

• Male grad students role playing a prison as prisoners and guards for 2 weeks
• Does role playing affect attitudes?
• the students started acting like real prisoners and guards
• experiment had to be cancelled after 6 days due to brutality of the guards on the prisoners

Deindividuation

Question 25

Deindividuation

Answer 25

Loss of self-awareness, self-restraint

Question 26

Attribution Theory

Answer 26

The theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

Question 27

Central Route to Persuasion

Answer 27

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

Question 28

Peripheral Route to Persuasion

Answer 28

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness

Question 29

Normative Social Influence

Answer 29

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Why we clap when others clap, eat as others eat, believe as others believe, even see what others see.
To avoid rejection or to gain social approval

Question 30

Informational Social Influence

Answer 30

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality.

Question 31

Ingroup

Answer 31

“Us” - people with whom we share a common identity\

a social group

Question 32

Outgroup

Answer 32

“Them” - those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

people outside of the social group

Question 33

Ingroup Bias

Answer 33

the tendency to favor our own group

Question 34

Other-Race Effect

Answer 34

the tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races

also called “cross-race effect” and “own-race bias”

Question 35

Reciprocity Norm

Answer 35

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

Question 36

Social-Responsibility Norm

Answer 36

an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

Question 37

Superordinate Goals

Answer 37

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation