Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Bacteria and Archea consist of

Answer 1

prokaryotic cells

Question 2

eukarya consist of

Answer 2

eukaryotic cells

Question 3

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have

Answer 3

plasmamembrane, cytosol, chromosomes, ribosomes, DNA, and cytoplasm

Question 4

DNA in prokaryotic cells is

Answer 4

concentrated in a region (not membrane enclosed) call the nucleotide

Question 5

DNA in eukaryotic cells is

Answer 5

stored in the nucleus

Question 6

cytosol

Answer 6

inside the cell, semifluid/jelly like substance that all the subcellular components float in

Question 7

Chromosomes

Answer 7

discrete units, structures that carry genetic informations

Question 8

Cytoplasm (eukaryotic cells)

Answer 8

region between the nucleus and plasma membrane

Question 9

Cytoplasm (prokaryotic cells)

Answer 9

contain regions surrounded by proteins

Question 10

Plasmamembrane

Answer 10

a selective barrier that allows passage of enough oxygen nutrients and waste to service the entire cell

Question 11

The plasmamembrane is made up of

Answer 11

a double layer (bilayer) of phospholipids with various proteins attached to or embeded in it. There are carbohydrate side chains that can be attached to the proteins or lipids on the outer surface of the membrane

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell. Usually the most conspicous organelle

Question 13

Nuclear envelope

Answer 13

encloses the nucleus separating its contents from the cytoplasm

Question 14

The nuclear envelope has

Answer 14

a double membrane, that is proforated by pore structures that are lined with proteins structures called a pore complex that regulate the entry and exit of proteins, RNAs, and large complexes of molecules.

Question 15

The nuclear envelope is lined by

Answer 15

the nuclear lamina that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope

Question 16

Nuclear lamina

Answer 16

a net like array of protein filaments (in animal cells called intermediate filaments)

Question 17

Chromosomes contain

Answer 17

1 long DNA molecule associated with proteins, including small basic proteins called histones. Some proteins help coil the DNA molecule of each chromosome, reducing its length to fit into the nucleus.

Question 18

Chromatin

Answer 18

the complex of DNA and proteins making up chromosomes

Question 19

Nucleolus

Answer 19

prominant structure within the nondividing nucleus.

Question 20

In the nucleolus

Answer 20

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized from genes into DNA and proteins imported from the cytoplasm are assembled with rRNA into large and small subunits of ribosomes

Question 21

The subunits of ribosomes then

Answer 21

leave through the nuclear pores to the cytoplasm, where a large and a small subunit can assemble into a ribosome

Question 22

When mRNA reaches the cytoplasm

Answer 22

ribosomes translate its genetic material into the primary structure of a polypeptide

Question 23

Ribosomes

Answer 23

complexes made of proteins and ribosomal RNAs that carry out protein synthesis

Question 24

Cells with high rates of protein synthesis have

Answer 24

large numbers of ribosomes and prominent nuclei
EX: human pancreas; digestive enzymes

Question 25

Bound ribosomes are found on

Answer 25

the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear membrane

Question 26

Free ribosomes are

Answer 26

suspended in the cytosol

Question 27

Bound and free ribosomes are

Answer 27

structurally the same

Question 28

Free ribosomes function within

Answer 28

the cytosol
EX: enzymes that catalyze the first steps of a sugar breakdown

Question 29

Bound ribosomes make

Answer 29

proteins that are destined for insertion into membranes for packaging with in certain organelles like lysosomes or for export from the cell (secretion)