Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Light energy converted to chemical energy via

Answer 1

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Question 2

Chemical reactions that transfers electrons between reactants are

Answer 2

called oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions

Question 3

In Oxidation

Answer 3

a substance loses electrons, or is oxidized
- loses a hydrogen

Question 4

In reduction

Answer 4

a substance gains electrons or is reduced (amount of positive charge is reduced
- gains a hydrogen

Question 5

Stages of Cellular respiration

Answer 5

glycolysis, Oxidation of Pyruvate, the Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidation of phosphorylation

Question 6

glycolysis (overview)

Answer 6

breaks down glucoses into two molecules of pyruvate

Question 7

Oxidation of Pyruvate (overview)

Answer 7

2 pyruvate molecules get oxidized

Question 8

The Citric Acid Cycle (overview)

Answer 8

Complete the break down of glucose
AKA: TCA cycle, Krebs cycle

Question 9

Oxidative Phosphorylation (overview)

Answer 9

accounts for 90% of ATP synthesis

Question 10

Catabolic pathways yeild energy by

Answer 10

oxidizing organic fuels

Question 11

Energy enters the ecosystem as

Answer 11

light and exist as heat

Question 12

Photosynthesis uses CO2 and H2O to

Answer 12

make organic molecules and O2

Question 13

Cellular respiration uses O2 and organic molecules to

Answer 13

make ATP; CO2 and H2O are produced as waste

Question 14

The breakdown of organic molecules is

Answer 14

exergonic

Question 15

Fermentation is a

Answer 15

partial dehydration of sugars that occurs without oxygen

Question 16

Aerobic respiration consumes

Answer 16

organic molecules and oxygen and yields ATP

Question 17

anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration

Answer 17

but consumes compounds other than oxygen

Question 18

Cellular respiration redox readction

Answer 18

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Question 19

C6H12O6 becomes

Answer 19

oxidized to 6CO2

Question 20

6O2 becomes

Answer 20

reduced to 6H2O

Question 21

The oxidation of glucose transfers electrons from

Answer 21

a higher energy state (in glucose) to a lower energy state with Oxygen Atoms. Which releases energy that is to be used to synthesize ATP

Question 22

In cellular respiration

Answer 22

glucose and other organic molecules are oxidized in a seris of steps

Question 23

Hydrogen atoms are usually first passed to

Answer 23

electron carriers, rather than directly to O2

Question 24

NAD+ is a

Answer 24

coenzyme that functions as an electron carrier

Question 25

As an electron acceptor NAD+ functions as

Answer 25

an oxidizing agent

Question 26

Each NADH (reduced form of NAD+) represents

Answer 26

stored energy that is tapped to synthesize ATP

Question 27

Enzymes called dehydrogenases remove

Answer 27

a pair of hydrogen atoms (2 electrons and protons) from the substrate.

Question 28

The 2 electrons and 1 proton is transferred

Answer 28

to NAD+ from NADH and the other proton is released as a hydrogen ion (H+) into the surrounding solution

Question 29

Cellular respiration uses an

Answer 29

electron transport chain to break the fall of electrons to O2 into several energy releasing steps

Question 30

An electron transport chain consist of

Answer 30

a series of molecules built into the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 31

NADH passes electrons to

Answer 31

the electron transport chain where they are transferred in a series of redox reactions, each releasing a small amount of energy

Question 32

O2 is the final

Answer 32

electron receptor, it captures the electrons and the hydrogen nuclei forming H2O; the energy yielded is used to regenerate ATP

Question 33

Reactants of glycolysis

Answer 33

Glucose + NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 inorganic Phosphate

Question 34

Products of glycolysis

Answer 34

2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP

Question 35

The end carbohydrate product of glycolysis is

Answer 35

2 pyruvate

Question 36

Pyruvate enters the mitochondria for

Answer 36

oxidation to acetyl CoA via transport protein

Question 37

NAD+ is a

Answer 37

reactant being reduced to NADH

Question 38

For every 2 glucose

Answer 38

2 pyruvate oxidize to 2 acetyl CoA with a by-product of 2 NADH

Question 39

Citric Acid cycle (Krebs cycle)

Answer 39

completes the energy yielding oxidation of organic molecules and takes place in the mitochondria

Question 40

The CoA enters the cycle then

Answer 40

carbon dioxide is released (4), NADH is released (6), ATP is released (2), FADH2 is released (2)

Question 41

The primary purpose of the citric acid cycle is

Answer 41

to produce electron carriers for oxidation phosphorylation (NADH, FADH2)

Question 42

The ETC occurs in

Answer 42

the cristae of the mitochondria , and there are proteins embedded in the cristea

Question 43

The final electron acceptor of the ETC is

Answer 43

O2

Question 44

as you go down the ETC energy is

Answer 44

decreasing

Question 45

the energy from the ETC is not to produce ATP, it is used to

Answer 45

pump hydrogen ions from the matrix to the intermembrane space to create a concentration gradient of hydrogen ions; that is used to generate ATP

Question 46

Chemiosmosis

Answer 46

H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase (F1 ATPase). ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP

Question 47

Glycolysis probably evolved in

Answer 47

ancient prokaryotes before there was oxygen in the atmosphere

Question 48

The body uses

Answer 48

small molecules to build other substances. These small molecules may come from food, from glycolysis or from the citric acid cycle.