Carbon and Macromolecules Pt.1 (lecture 5) Flashcards
Carbon can form four bonds, bonding with
other carbons, resulting in carbon skeletons, and also commonly bonding to hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen
the properties of carbon containing molecules depend
on its skeleton and chemical groups
When carbon bonds with other molecules
it will be an organic molecule (specifically with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfer)
Organic chemistry is
the study of compounds that contain carbon, regardless of origin
Organic compounds range from
simple molecules to colossal ones
The major elements of life –C,H,O,N,S,P– are uniform from
one organism to another, reflecting the common evolutionary of all life
Carbon skeleton vary
in length
The skeleton may have
double bonds, which can vary in location
Skeletons may be
unbranched or branched
Some skeletons arrange in
rings (in the abbreviated structural formula for each compound, each corner represents a carbon and attached hydrogens
An isomer is
compounds which have the same chemical formula and different structural forms (the compound will have different properties because the structure is different)
Hydrocarbons are
organic molecules consisting of only one carbon and hydrogen.
Many organic molecules, such as fats, have have hydrocarbon components
Hydrocarbons can undergo reactions that
release a large amount of energy
Structural isomers differ
in the arrangement of covalent bonding partners.
Cis-trans isomers differ
in arrangement about a double bond.
Enantiomers differ
in spatial arrangement around an asymmetric carbon, resulting in molecules that are mirror images, like left and right hands.
Functional groups are
the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions
The number and arrangement of functional groups give
each molecules its unique properties
Hydroxyl Group (–OH)
Compound Name: alcohol
Polar & Hydrophillic
Carbonyl Group (>C=O)
Compound Name: Keytone +Aldehyde
Polar & Hydrophillic
Carboxyl Group (–COOH)
Compound Name: Carboxylic Acid or Organic Acid
Ionic/Polar & Hydrophillic
Gives vinegar its sour taste
Amino group (–NH2)
Compound Name: Anime
Ionic/Polar & Hydrophillic
Acts as a base
Can pick up H+ from surrounding solution
Sulfhydryl Group (–SH)
Compound Name: Thiol
non-Polar & Hydrophillic
2-SH can react and form a crosslink helping stabalize protein structure
Phosphate Group (–OPO3 ^-2)
Compound Name: Organic Phosphate
Polar & Hydrophillic
Contributes negative charge when attached, confers on a molecule the ability to react with water releasing energy
Methyl Group (–CH3)
Compound Name: Methylated Compound
Non-Polar, Hydrophobic
Affects the expression of genes. Affects shape and function of sex hormones
