Elements and Compounds Pt 1 (lecture 3)

Question 1

A compound is made up of

Answer 1

2 or more atoms of different elements joined by bonds

Question 2

the # of protons determines

Answer 2

an atoms identity

Question 3

An atoms electron distribution determines

Answer 3

its ability to form bonds

Question 4

A compounds properties depends

Answer 4

on its atoms and how they bond together

Question 5

Organisms are composed

Answer 5

of matter

Question 6

matter is

Answer 6

anything that takes up space and came be weighed

Question 7

matter is made up of

Answer 7

elements

Question 8

an element is

Answer 8

a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

Question 9

a compound is a substance

Answer 9

consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

Question 10

A compound has characteristic (emergent properties) different

Answer 10

from those of its elements

Question 11

About 20-25% of 92 natural elements are

Answer 11

required for life (essential elements)

Question 12

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen make up

Answer 12

96% of all living matter

Question 13

Trace elements are required/essential

Answer 13

by an organism in only minute quantities (they make up less than 0.01% of mass)

Question 14

An atom is the

Answer 14

smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

Question 15

Atoms are composed of

Answer 15

subatomic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons)

Question 16

Electrons have a

Answer 16

negative charge (neglagable mass of about 0 dalton)
they are so small that they are ignored when calculating the total mass of the atom

Question 17

Neutrons have

Answer 17

no electrical charge (a mass of about 1 dalton)

Question 18

Protons have

Answer 18

positive charge (mass of 1 dalton)

Question 19

Neutrons and protons form

Answer 19

the atomic nucleus

Question 20

Electrons form a

Answer 20

“cloud” of negative charge around the nucleus

Question 21

An elements atomic # is

Answer 21

the number of protons in the neucleus

Question 22

an elements mass number is

Answer 22

the sum of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus

Question 23

Isotopes are

Answer 23

two atoms of an element that differ in the # of neutrons
EX: Protieum (hydrogen 1) 1proton, 1electron, 0neutron
Detirium (hydrogen 2) 1proton, 1electron, 1neutron

Question 24

radioactive isotopes decay

Answer 24

spontaneously, giving off particle and energy

Question 25

Some applications of radioactive isotopes in biological research are

Answer 25

dating fossils, tracing atoms through metabolic processes, diagnosing medical disorders, half life

Question 26

Half life is when a parent isotope decays to

Answer 26

a lower state or daughter isotope

Question 27

energy is the

Answer 27

capacity to cause change

Question 28

Potential energy is the energy that matter possesses

Answer 28

because of its location or structure

Question 29

matter has a natural tendency to move

Answer 29

toward the lowest possible state of potential energy

Question 30

Some elements can satisfy each other

Answer 30

and fill each others valance shells, which is why they react well together

Question 31

the number of electrons depends

Answer 31

on how reactive they are and what drives them is the satisfaction of filling the shell

Question 32

the spin of electrons must be

Answer 32

opposite

Question 33

An orbital is the

Answer 33

three dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time

Question 34

Each electron shell consist

Answer 34

of a specific number of orbitals

Question 35

no more than 2 electrons can

Answer 35

occupy a single orbital, and that is why they must have opposite spins