Diversity of Life (Lecture 1)

Question 1

Five Unifying themes in biology

Answer 1

Organization, information, Energy/matter, interactions, evolution

Question 2

Cell is

Answer 2

the smallest unit of life

Question 3

A molecule is

Answer 3

a building block of a cell (cannot survive on its own)

Question 4

a cell is

Answer 4

a building block of tissues (cannot survive without its organelles)

Question 5

Energy can not be

Answer 5

created, only distributed
(energy can become matter and matter can become energy)

Question 6

Living things are

Answer 6

• made up of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and DNA
• composed of cells
  reproduce, grow, and develop
• use raw materials to extract energy
• respond to changes in their environment
• maintain homeostasis
• populations of living things evolve and have adaptive traits

Question 7

Homeostasis

Answer 7

organs that you need at that moment are prioritized over organs that you don’t need at that moment

Question 8

Order of how things are created

Answer 8

11) molecules
10) organelles (made up of molecules)
9) cells
8) tissues (made up of different specific cells)
7) organs (made up of tissues
6) organsystems (made up of different organ groups)
5) Organisms (all the organ systems together make an organism)
4) populations (groups of specific organisms)
3) communities (populations living in the same area/place)
2) Ecosystems (communities and their abiotic environment)
1) Biosphere

Question 9

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 9

higher organisms with membrane enclosed organelles (largest being the nucleus)
- membrane
- cytoplasm
- DNA
- nucleus

Question 10

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 10

are smaller and simpler, DNA but no nucleus, lower organisms, no enclosed organelles,

Question 11

Hoe does DNA travel?

Answer 11

Egg cell/ovum + sperm cell –> fertilized egg (zygote) with DNA from both parents –> Embryo cell has copies of inherited DNA –> Offspring with traits from both parents

Question 12

DNA is a

Answer 12

Double helix (one strand wound around the other) where each single strand is made up of A,C,T,G nucleotides
(DNA does not make protein it expresses it)

Question 13

Gene expression is

Answer 13

a central Dogma of Life

Question 14

An organism’s genome is its

Answer 14

entire “library” of genetic instructions

Question 15

Genomic is the study of

Answer 15

Whole sets of genes in one or more species

Question 16

Proteomic is the study of

Answer 16

Whole sets of proteins and their properties

Question 17

A proteome is

Answer 17

The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organ

Question 18

life requires

Answer 18

transformation of energy and matter

Question 19

Plants use light energy from the sun

Answer 19

which is converted into chemical energy

Question 20

Organisms eat plants and use

Answer 20

the chemical energy to do work, and chemicals pass to the organisms that eat the plants

Question 21

Nucleotides are

Answer 21

the alphebet of DNA

Question 22

Codons are

Answer 22

the “words” by which DNA encodes information

Question 23

Genes are

Answer 23

the smallest unit of inheritance

Question 24

Decomposers return chemicals to the soil and

Answer 24

plants take up the chemicals from the soil and air

Question 25

heat is

Answer 25

lost from the ecosystem

Question 26

Classification of humans

Answer 26

Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: chordata
Class: mammalia
order: primates
family: hominidae
genus: homo
species: sapien

Question 27

the 3 Domains

Answer 27

Bacteria
Archea
Eukarya: kingdom plantae, kingdom fungi, kingdom animalia, protist

Question 28

the cross section cilia of a paramecium in a pond is the same as

Answer 28

the cilia in a humans windpipe cells

Question 29

Darwin reasoned that

Answer 29

individuals with traits that are best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
- overtime, more individuals in a population will have the advantageous traits

Question 30

Darwin call this the process of natural selection

Answer 30

• evolution occurs as the unequal reproductive success of individuals
• the natural environment “selects” for the propagation of beneficial traits

Question 31

EX: Darwin’s Finches

Answer 31

the finches look different because of what they eat so their size, heads and beaks look different