Fermentation

Question 1

Fermentation and anaerobic respiration enables

Answer 1

cells to produce ATP without the use of oxygen

Question 2

most cellular respiration depends on

Answer 2

electronegative oxygen to pull electron down the transport chain

Question 3

Without oxygen the electron Transport chain will

Answer 3

cease to operate

Question 4

Anaerobic respiration uses

Answer 4

an electron transport chain with a final electron other than oxygen like a sulfate ion

Question 5

glycolysis oxidizes

Answer 5

glucose to pyruvate without the involvement of O2 or an electron transport chain

Question 6

NAD+ is the

Answer 6

oxidizing agent used in glycolysis

Question 7

Glycolysis produces

Answer 7

2 ATP (net) by substrate-level phosphorylation whether O2 is present or not

Question 8

Fermentation is an extension of glycolysis that oxidizes

Answer 8

NADH by transferring electrons to pyruvate or its derivatives

Question 9

two types of common fermentation are

Answer 9

alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation

Question 10

In alcohol fermentation, pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps

Answer 10

1. release CO2 from pyruvate
2. produce NAD+ and ethanol

Question 11

Alcohol fermentation by yeast is used

Answer 11

in brewing, winemaking and baking

Question 12

Lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form

Answer 12

lactate and there is no release of CO2 in lactic acid fermentation

Question 13

lactic acid fermentation by fungi and bacteria is used

Answer 13

to make cheese and yogurt

Question 14

Skeletal muscle (red cells) oxidizes

Answer 14

glucose completely to CO2

Question 15

White cells produces

Answer 15

lactate even under aerobic conditions

Question 16

Fermentation, anaerobic, and aerobic respiration use

Answer 16

glycolysis to oxidize glucose and harvest the chemical energy of food. NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis

Question 17

In fermentation, an organic molecule (pyruvate or acetaldehyde) acts as

Answer 17

a final electron receptor

Question 18

In cellular respiration, electrons are transfered to

Answer 18

the electron transport chain

Question 19

Fermentation produces 2 ATP by

Answer 19

substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 20

Cellular respiration harvest up to 32 ATP by

Answer 20

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 21

Obligate anaerobes carry out

Answer 21

fermentation or anaerobic respiration and can’t survive in the presence of CO2

Question 22

Yeast and many bacteria are faculative anaerobes meaning that

Answer 22

they survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration

Question 23

For facultative anaerobes, pyruvate is a

Answer 23

fork in the metabolic road leading to alternative catabolic routes

Question 24

the mitochondria is not needed

Answer 24

for fermentation because it takes place in the cytosol