Prokaryotic cells

Question 1

True or False

Prokaryotic cells are about the same size as eukaryotic cells.

Answer 1

• False.
• Prokaryotic cells (ie. bacteria) are smaller than eukaryotic cells.

Question 2

Give 4 features that ALL prokaryotic cells have that differ from eukaryotic cells.

Answer 2

1.) Cytoplasm lacks membrane-bound organelles.
2.) Smaller ribosomes (70s ribosomes)
3.) No nucleus
4.) A cell wall.

Question 3

Give 3 examples of membrane-bound organelles.

Answer 3

1.) Nucleus
2.) Mitochondria
3.) Chloroplasts

Question 4

What does the cell wall of prokaryotic cells contain?

Answer 4

• Murein (a polymer of polysaccharides and peptides.) - a glycoprotein.

() - extra info

Question 5

What do prokaryotic cells have instead of a nucleus?

Answer 5

• Single circular DNA molecule.
• Free-floating in cytoplasm
• Not associated (attached) to proteins Ie. NO CHROMOSOMES.

Question 6

3 features of prokaryotic cells that is NOT in ALL

Answer 6

1.) One or more plasmids (for antibiotic resistance eg.)
2.) A capsule surrounding the cell (for defence.)
3.) One or more flagella

() - extra info for clarification.

Question 7

Give a non-membrane bound organelle that is in prokaryotic cells (ie. bacteria) as well as eukaryotic cells.

Answer 7

• Ribosomes.

Question 8

What are viruses?

Answer 8

• Viruses are acellular and non-living particles.

Question 9

What is the structure of virus particles?

Answer 9

• Include genetic material (ie. DNA/ RNA - known as nucleic acids.)
• Nucleic acid enclosed in protein coat (known as capsid.)
• Some have lipid envelopes.
• Either lipid envelope or capsid (if LE isn’t present) have attachment proteins.

Question 10

Why do viruses need attachment proteins?

Answer 10

• Attachment proteins are essential to allow the virus to identify and attach to a host cell.