Classification

Question 1

What is the binomial naming system? Give example

Answer 1

• Each species is universally identified by a binomial: consisting of the name of its genus and species.
• Ie. Homo sapiens (Homo = genus/ sapiens = species.)

Question 2

A tiger has binomial name: Panthera tigris. Another species has binomial name: Panthera ocra, what does this tell us about the two species and why?

Answer 2

• Tells us that the two species are closely related because they have the same genus (first part of their names.)

() - extra info for clarification

Question 3

What is a hierarchy (in terms of classification of organisms?)

Answer 3

• Smaller groups are placed within larger groups.
• With no overlap between the groups.

Question 4

What is each group in the classification system called?

Answer 4

• Each group = taxon.
• Plural = taxa.

Question 5

Give one hierarchy of the phylogenetic classification system.

pst pst…. nuemonic??

Answer 5

• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

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Question 6

What does it mean when we say a hierarchy is when smaller groups are placed within larer groups? Use example of genus/ species. What does it mean when we say the groups don’t overlap?

Answer 6

• There are many species within THE SAME GENUS.
• However, all of those species are different to each other AND DO NOT overlap.

Question 7

What does a “phylogenetic classification system” attempt to do?

Answer 7

• A phylogenetic classification system attempts to arrange species
  into groups based on their evolutionary origins and relationships (relationships meaning their common ancestors.)

() - extra info for clarification

Question 8

Why is classification of different organisms important?

Answer 8

• Classification system is universal (ie. data can be shared globally.)
• Helps to understand relationships between organisms and keep track of changes.

() - extra info for clarification

Question 9

How were organisms classified before advancements in immunology and genome sequencing? What was the issue with this?

Answer 9

• Originally based on visible similarities in appearance.
• Issue: two organisms may be of the same species but look completely different to one another.

Question 10

What do we use to classify organisms ie. to clarify evolutionary relationships between organisims?

Answer 10

• Advances in immunology and genome sequencing have helped to clarify evolutionary relationships between organisms.

Question 11

What does it mean when we say advances in genome sequencing have allowed us to clarify evolutionary relationships between organisms?

Answer 11

• Look at different organisms’ DNA, mRNA sequence and amino acids sequence.
• The more these 3 things are to each of the organisms, the more closely related the organisms are.

Question 12

What is imunology?

Answer 12

• You compare the similarities in self- antibody shapes of each organism, more similar there are, more closely related the organisms are.

Question 13

What does phylogeny tell us?

Answer 13

• Tells us how closely related different species are by showing shared common ancestors in phylogenetic trees.

Question 14

Why do different species look the same?

Answer 14

• Live in a similar environment.
• Have similar selection pressures.
• Similar alleles will have the selective advantage.
• Produces similar/ same proteins and therefore have the same characteristics.

Question 15

Finish the sentence

” Domain Kindom, Phylum, Class, Order….” is a ……….. within the …………… …………… system.

Answer 15

• Hierarchy
• Phylogenetic
• Classification.