Classification Flashcards
What is the binomial naming system? Give example
- Each species is universally identified by a binomial: consisting of the name of its genus and species.
- Ie. Homo sapiens (Homo = genus/ sapiens = species.)
A tiger has binomial name: Panthera tigris. Another species has binomial name: Panthera ocra, what does this tell us about the two species and why?
- Tells us that the two species are closely related because they have the same genus (first part of their names.)
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What is a hierarchy (in terms of classification of organisms?)
- Smaller groups are placed within larger groups.
- With no overlap between the groups.
What is each group in the classification system called?
- Each group = taxon.
- Plural = taxa.
Give one hierarchy of the phylogenetic classification system.
pst pst…. nuemonic??
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
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What does it mean when we say a hierarchy is when smaller groups are placed within larer groups? Use example of genus/ species. What does it mean when we say the groups don’t overlap?
- There are many species within THE SAME GENUS.
- However, all of those species are different to each other AND DO NOT overlap.
What does a “phylogenetic classification system” attempt to do?
- A phylogenetic classification system attempts to arrange species
into groups based on their evolutionary origins and relationships (relationships meaning their common ancestors.)
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Why is classification of different organisms important?
- Classification system is universal (ie. data can be shared globally.)
- Helps to understand relationships between organisms and keep track of changes.
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How were organisms classified before advancements in immunology and genome sequencing? What was the issue with this?
- Originally based on visible similarities in appearance.
- Issue: two organisms may be of the same species but look completely different to one another.
What do we use to classify organisms ie. to clarify evolutionary relationships between organisims?
- Advances in immunology and genome sequencing have helped to clarify evolutionary relationships between organisms.
What does it mean when we say advances in genome sequencing have allowed us to clarify evolutionary relationships between organisms?
- Look at different organisms’ DNA, mRNA sequence and amino acids sequence.
- The more these 3 things are to each of the organisms, the more closely related the organisms are.
What is imunology?
- You compare the similarities in self- antibody shapes of each organism, more similar there are, more closely related the organisms are.
What does phylogeny tell us?
- Tells us how closely related different species are by showing shared common ancestors in phylogenetic trees.
Why do different species look the same?
- Live in a similar environment.
- Have similar selection pressures.
- Similar alleles will have the selective advantage.
- Produces similar/ same proteins and therefore have the same characteristics.
Finish the sentence
” Domain Kindom, Phylum, Class, Order….” is a ……….. within the …………… …………… system.
- Hierarchy
- Phylogenetic
- Classification.
6-marker
Haemoglobins are chemically similar molecules found box in many different species.
Differences in the primary structure of haemoglobin molecules can provide evidence
of phylogenetic (evolutionary) relationships between species.
Explain how.
- Mutations change base sequence.
- Change in amino acid sequence.
- Mutations build up over time.
- Few mutations in primary structure in closely-related species.
- Closely-related species have a recent common ancestor.
