Carbohydrates biochemical tests Flashcards

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1
Q

What chemical do we use to test for starch? What is the positive result?

A
  • Potassium iodide.
  • Iodine turns from orange to blue-black.
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2
Q

True or False

All monosaccharides and disaccharides are reducing sugars.

A
  • False.
  • All monosaccharides and SOME disaccharides are reducing sugars.
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3
Q

What is the test for reducing sugars?

A
  • Add a liquified form (make liquified by griding/ adding water) of sample to test tube.
  • Add equal volume of Benedict’s
  • Heat for 5 minutes
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4
Q

What is the positive test for reducing sugars?

A
  • Benedict’s turns from blue –> brick-red
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5
Q

What colours can benedict’s reagant go - starting from colour that shows lowest concentration of sugar?

A
  • Blue
  • Green
  • Yellow
  • Orange
  • Brick-Red.
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6
Q

Give an example of a non-reducing and reducing sugar.

A

Non-reducing: sucrose
Reducing: glucose.

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7
Q

How do you test for a non-reducing sugar?

5 main steps

A

1.) Test the sample with Benedict’s to ensure it is a non-reducing sugar.
2.) Remove sample/ Benedict’s from test-tube and add more sample to an empty test-tube.
3.) Add acid to the test-tube/ BOIL (allow water in bath to reach 100 degrees.)
4.) Cool solution + add alkali to neutralise.
5.) Add Benedict’s reagant and heat.

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8
Q

What is it called when you add acid to a non-reducing sugar and BOIL them?

A
  • Acid hydrolysis.
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9
Q

What two monosacharides would sucrose break into after undergoing acid hydrolysis?

A
  • Glucose
  • Fructose.
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10
Q

What is a reducing sugar?

A
  • One that can give electrons to another chemical (ie. can reduce the other chemicals.)
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11
Q

What makes reducing sugars go from blue to brick-red in Benedict’s?

A
  • The sugar reduces the copper oxide (blue) in Benedict’s to copper sulphate (brick-red.)
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12
Q

Why do non-reducing sugars not change colour in Benedict’s? Why DOES the Benedict’s reagant work after acid hydrolysis?

A
  • Reducing group (allows sugar to reduce other chemicals) is involved in glycosidic bond.
  • When sucrose is hydrolysed –> the glycosidic bond is broken and the reducing group is exposed
  • Allowing the sugar to reduce the copper oxide
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13
Q

EXAM Q

A student carried out the Benedict’s test. Suggest a method, other than using a colorimeter,that this student could use to measure the quantity of reducing sugar in a solution.

A
  • Filter/ dry precipitate.
  • Find mass (of precipitate.)
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14
Q

What is a colorimeter?

A
  • A device that is able to measure light absorbance (therefore, determing how much of a sugar solute there is in a solution of Benedict’s)

() - extra info for clarification.

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