ATP Flashcards
What is a single molecule ATP known to be a derivative of?
- Single molecule of ATP = nucleotide derivative.
What does ATP stand for?
- Adenosine triphosphate
What is ATP compromised of/ formed from?
- Adenine - nitrogen- containing base.
- Ribose - pentose sugar.
- Three inorganic (don’t contain carbon) phosphate groups.
() - extra info for clarification
What are inorganic phosphate groups often written as?
- P(small i- subscript)
Why is ATP extremely important?
- Immediate source of energy for biological processes. Metabolic reactions, in cells, must have a steady, constant supply of ATP.
In what reactions are ATP made (ie. both animals/ plants?) Outline the details of the formation of ATP by this reaction
- Respiration/ photosynthesis
- Addition of inorganic phosphate group to ADP -adenosine diphosphate -(only has two phosphate groups before reaction.) via a condensation reaction using enzyme **ATP synthase. **
- This process** requires** a small amount of energy.
() - extra info for clarification
What is the role of ATP synthase?
- Enzyme that catalyses condensation reaction between ADP and inorganic phosphate group.
Outline the reaction of hydrolysis of ATP.
- Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate group (Pi) is catalysed by enzyme ATP hydrolase.
- Breaking one of bonds between inorganic phosphate groups (during hydrolysis) releases small amount of energy to surroundings, which can be used for chemical reactions.
Why is ATP known to be “immediate energy- source”?
- ATP = immediate energy- source because only 1 bond needs to be hydrolysed (one of bonds between inorganic phosphate groups) to release energy.
Other than ATP releasing energy to surroundings that can be used in energy- requiring reactions within cells, what else can ATP do?
- ATP can **transfer ** energy to different compounds.
- The inorganic phosphate released during hydrolysis of ATP can be bonded onto/ phosphorylate different compounds to (often) make them more reactive. This is known as phosphorylation.
What is the role of ATP hydrolase?
- Catlayses hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate group.)
Compare ATP vs glucose as an energy source in terms of amount of energy released by the two sources.
- ATP releases small, manageable amounts of energy - so no energy is wasted. Cells won’t overheat from wasted heat energy/ run out of resources.
- WHEREAS, glucose releases a lot of energy that could result in wasted energy.
Compare ATP vs glucose as an energy source in terms of amount solubility .
- ATP = small/ soluble molecule - can easily be transported around cell in cytoplasm to provide energy for chemical reactions in cell.
- Glucose is also soluble/small so can also be easily transported around the cell.
Compare ATP vs glucose as an energy source in terms of immediacy in releasing energy.
- ATP: only 1 bond (between phosphate groups) needs to be broken to release energy. This is why energy- released is “immediate.”
- Glucose would need several bonds broken down to release all its energy.
Compare ATP vs glucose as an energy source in terms of transferring energy.
- ATP can transfer energy to another molecule by transfering one of its phosphate groups phosphorylation.
- Glucose cannot do this as doesn’t contain any phosphate groups.