ATP Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a single molecule ATP known to be a derivative of?

A
  • Single molecule of ATP = nucleotide derivative.
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2
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A
  • Adenosine triphosphate
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3
Q

What is ATP compromised of/ formed from?

A
  • Adenine - nitrogen- containing base.
  • Ribose - pentose sugar.
  • Three inorganic (don’t contain carbon) phosphate groups.

() - extra info for clarification

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4
Q

What are inorganic phosphate groups often written as?

A
  • P(small i- subscript)
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5
Q

Why is ATP extremely important?

A
  • Immediate source of energy for biological processes. Metabolic reactions, in cells, must have a steady, constant supply of ATP.
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6
Q

In what reactions are ATP made (ie. both animals/ plants?) Outline the details of the formation of ATP by this reaction

A
  • Respiration/ photosynthesis
  • Addition of inorganic phosphate group to ADP -adenosine diphosphate -(only has two phosphate groups before reaction.) via a condensation reaction using enzyme **ATP synthase. **
  • This process** requires** a small amount of energy.

() - extra info for clarification

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7
Q

What is the role of ATP synthase?

A
  • Enzyme that catalyses condensation reaction between ADP and inorganic phosphate group.
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8
Q

Outline the reaction of hydrolysis of ATP.

A
  • Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate group (Pi) is catalysed by enzyme ATP hydrolase.
  • Breaking one of bonds between inorganic phosphate groups (during hydrolysis) releases small amount of energy to surroundings, which can be used for chemical reactions.
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9
Q

Why is ATP known to be “immediate energy- source”?

A
  • ATP = immediate energy- source because only 1 bond needs to be hydrolysed (one of bonds between inorganic phosphate groups) to release energy.
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10
Q

Other than ATP releasing energy to surroundings that can be used in energy- requiring reactions within cells, what else can ATP do?

A
  • ATP can **transfer ** energy to different compounds.
  • The inorganic phosphate released during hydrolysis of ATP can be bonded onto/ phosphorylate different compounds to (often) make them more reactive. This is known as phosphorylation.
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11
Q

What is the role of ATP hydrolase?

A
  • Catlayses hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate group.)
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12
Q

Compare ATP vs glucose as an energy source in terms of amount of energy released by the two sources.

A
  • ATP releases small, manageable amounts of energy - so no energy is wasted. Cells won’t overheat from wasted heat energy/ run out of resources.
  • WHEREAS, glucose releases a lot of energy that could result in wasted energy.
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13
Q

Compare ATP vs glucose as an energy source in terms of amount solubility .

A
  • ATP = small/ soluble molecule - can easily be transported around cell in cytoplasm to provide energy for chemical reactions in cell.
  • Glucose is also soluble/small so can also be easily transported around the cell.
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14
Q

Compare ATP vs glucose as an energy source in terms of immediacy in releasing energy.

A
  • ATP: only 1 bond (between phosphate groups) needs to be broken to release energy. This is why energy- released is “immediate.”
  • Glucose would need several bonds broken down to release all its energy.
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15
Q

Compare ATP vs glucose as an energy source in terms of transferring energy.

A
  • ATP can transfer energy to another molecule by transfering one of its phosphate groups phosphorylation.
  • Glucose cannot do this as doesn’t contain any phosphate groups.
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16
Q

Compare ATP vs glucose as an energy source in terms of movement in and out of cell.

A
  • ATP: can’t pass out of the cell (so, cells will have a constant supply of ATP or ADP + Pi.)
  • Glucose can pass out of cell/ enter cell (so, cell could run out of glucose.)