Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Eukaryotes

A

-True nucleus
-Chromosomes are linear, usually paired, in nucleus
-80s ribosomes- site of protein synthesis
-Mitochondria- site of cellular respiration
-cell wall- usually cellulose or chitin if it has one
-larger cells(10-100 microns )
-divide by mitosis
Ex: Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Prokaryotes

A
  • No true nucleus
  • 1 circular chromosome- not in nucleus
  • 70s ribosomes- site of protein synthesis
  • cell membrane- site of cellular respiration
  • cell wall- peptidoglycan
    -small cells-(1-10 microns)
  • divide by binary fission
    Ex: bacteria and blue green algae
    Name: monera and eubacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Shapes of bacteria

A 
Coccus
Diplococci
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Sarcina- 3d cubed: 2 tetras put together 
Tetrad-4 of something
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bacillus arrangement

A 
Rod 
Single
Diplobacilus-pair
Streptobacillus-chain
Palisade- side by side
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Spiral bacteria arrangements

A

Vibrio
Spirillium- move w/ flagella, tail- flagella @ end
Spirochete- axial filament wrapped @ whole cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pleomorphic

A

Variable shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prokaryote structures

A 
Capsule
Cell wall
Cytoplasmic membrane
Ribosomes
Pilli
Cytoplasm
Nucleoid
Flagella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Glycocalyx

A

On outside of cell wall, usually polysaccharide and or polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Capsule

A

Firmly attached to cell wall
Organized
Linked with virulence-causes diseases, pathogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Slime layer

A

Loosely attached to cell wall
Disorganized
Linked with avirulence- without disease , non pathogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Flagella

A

Allow bacteria to move
Is a tail like structure in assorted arrangements
Simpler than Eukaryotes flagella and are made up of protein and truly rotate
Bacteria run or tumble in response to toxin, food, or light

Phototaxis- + go toward light - away from light

Chemotaxis- + go toward something - away from something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Arrangements of Flagella

A

Monotrichous- one hair

Lophotrichous- a lot of hair on one end

Amphitrichous- one hair on both sides

Peritrichous- a lot all over surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Axial filament

A

Spirochetes use these for locomotion, it wraps around the flagella and assist in movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pili or fimbriae

A

Short fuzzy like hairs around cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sex Pilus

A

Connect between the bacteria and another cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cell Wall

A 
Gram +                          
Thick peptidoglycan layer
No outer membrane
Many layers
Final color:purple 
Keeps primary stain
Ex: staphylococcus aureus
Gram -
Thin peptidoglycan layer
1 layer
Outer membrane
Final color: pink
Loses primary stain, picks up outer stain
Ex: escherichia coli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gram staining procedure

A

Crystal violet- primary stain
Grams iodine-Mordant
Decolorizer- takes the color out; timing is crucial
Safranin- counter stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Myoplasmas

A

Stain pink
Bacteria that has no cell wall
Smaller than other bacteria and can slip through bacteria filters
Have sterols in their cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cell membrane

A

Prokaryotes

Phospholipid bilayer
Proteins
No sterols except mycoplasmas

Eukaryotes

Phospholipid bilayer
Proteins
Sterols 
  -animals: cholesterol
  -fungi: Ergosterol
19
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

Consistency of olive oil, anything lipid soluable can go through via diffusion
Ex: CO2, O2

20
Q

Nuclear Area

A

Where circular chromosome is found

No membrane around the chromosome

21
Q

Plasmid

A

Extra chromosomal DNA
Can contain genes for drugs resistance
Can be copied and passed through sex pilus

22
Q

Ribosomes

A

70s ribosomes
Not a membrane bound organelle
Site of protein synthesis

23
Q

Prokaryote inclusions

A

Energy storage
Lipid inclusion: energy storage
Metachromatic granules-concentrations of phosphates- energy storage
Sulfer granules- energy storage
Carboxysomes-concentration of the enzymes needed for the dark reaction of photosynthesis where CO2 is fixed
Gas vacuoles-allow for buoyancy in water column

24
Q

Endospores

A

Made inside bacteria and the vegetative part falls off
Has a copy of DNA and is very dry and dormant, sometimes for years
Resists harsh conditions ex: heating, drying, radiation
Germinates when conditions are favorable

25
Q

Endospores only found in two genera of bacteria

A

Bacillus- aerobic ex: bacillus anthracis, bacillus subtilis

Clostridium- anaerobic ex: clostridium tetani, clostridium botulinum

26
Q

Eukaryotes Organelles

A

Cell membrane- recall fluid mosaic models with sterols

27
Q

Cell wall

A

Not peptidoglycan, usually cellulose or chitin

28
Q

SER

A

Site of lipid synthesis and detoxifies lipids in cell

29
Q

RER

A

Has ribosomes; site of protein synthesis

30
Q

Ribosomes

A

Are 80s, can be free or associate with RER, where proteins are made

31
Q

Golgi body

A

Refine, package and deliver protein

32
Q

Mitochondria

A

Site of cellular respiration

33
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contain strong digestive enzymes

34
Q

Centrioles

A

Two are found in centrosome, in animals only, help with spindle fibers in mitosis

35
Q

Chloroplast

A

Membrane bound organelle in plants and algae, site of photosynthesis

36
Q

Nucleus

A

Large membrane bound organelle; contains bulk of the DNA

37
Q

Nuclear Membrane

A

Separate nucleus for rest of cell

38
Q

Nucleolus

A

Dense body of RNA within the nucleus

39
Q

Chromatin

A

Loosely coiled DNA, seen in interphase

40
Q

Chromosomes

A

Tightly coiled DNA seen in mitosis

41
Q

Microfilaments

A

Cell muscles help with the formation of the cleavage furrow in cytokinesis

42
Q

Microtubules

A

Cell skeleton gives strength to cilia flagella and spindle fibers

43
Q

History of Earth Events

A

Earth is estimated to be 4.5 billion years old
Prokaryotes first appeared in the fossil record 3.5 billion yrs ago
Eukaryotes first appeared in the fossil record 2 billion yrs ago

44
Q

Theories of where Eukaryotes came from

A

Autogenous theory- infolding cell membrane, perhaps gave rise to the nucleus and ER

Endosymbiont theory- a small prokaryote began living inside of a larger prokaryote and lost the ability to live independently

45
Q

Evidence for Endosymbiont theory

A

Mitochondria and chloroplast both have there own DNA, have 70s ribosomes, and can divide independent of the nucleus

Microbiology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions