Organic Macromolecules

Question 0

Which organic macromolecule is NOT composed of monomers & insoluble in water?

Answer 0

Lipids

Question 1

What are the 4 organic macromolecules?

Answer 1

Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins & nucleic acids

Question 2

Define Hydrophilic.

Answer 2

Likes water

Question 3

Define hydrophobic

Answer 3

Hates water

Question 4

What are the 4 groups of lipids?

Answer 4

Fats, phospholipids, waxes & steroids

Question 5

Fats are composed of what?

Answer 5

3 fatty acids & a glycerol; dehydration synthesis

Question 6

Fats are also known as

Answer 6

Triglycerides

Question 7

Saturated fats are composed of

Answer 7

A single bond between carbon atoms

Question 8

Unsaturated fats are composed of

Answer 8

A double bond between adjacent carbon atoms

Question 9

Polyunsaturated fats are composed of

Answer 9

Several double bond between carbon atoms

Question 10

What are the 3 types of fats?

Answer 10

Saturated, unsaturated, polyunsaturated

Question 11

Phospholipids contains what & describe the structures

Answer 11

2 acid tails; head-hydrophilic & tail-hydrophobic

Question 12

When the head & tail of the phospholipid come together they create

Answer 12

Membranes

Question 13

Waxes are composed of

Answer 13

A long chain fatty acid link covalently to a long chain alcohol by an Ester bond

Question 14

Waxes are used to

Answer 14

Store energy & are insoluble in water

Question 15

Steroids are composed of

Answer 15

4 carbon rings fused together & attaches to various side chains/groups

Question 16

What are the steroids roles in metabolism

Answer 16

Acts as hormones

Question 17

What functional group are sterols & the purpose of sterols

Answer 17

Hydroxyl group; keep cell membranes fluid and functional

Question 18

Carbohydrates are composed of

Answer 18

Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

Question 19

What are three types of carbs?

Answer 19

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 20

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 20

Simplest carbohydrate and simplest sugar

Question 21

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 21

Linkage of 2 monosaccharides via dehydration synthesis

Question 22

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 22

Linkages of multiple monosaccharides

Question 23

What is the purpose of nucleic acids?

Answer 23

Information storage devices for DNA and RNA

Question 24

Nucleic acids are made up of

Answer 24

Nucleotides

Question 25

Nucleotides are composed of

Answer 25

Monomers consisting A nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar a phosphate

Question 26

Name the 5 nucleotides

Answer 26

Uracil, thymine, guanine, adenine, cytosine

Question 27

Which nucleotides are grouped in purines?

Answer 27

Adenine & guanine

Question 28

Which nucleotides are grouped in pyrimidines?

Answer 28

Thymine, uracil & cytosine

Question 29

What are proteins composed of?

Answer 29

Complex organic macromolecules; amino acids bonded by peptide bonds

Question 30

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 30

Structure, enzymatic catalysis regulation, transportation , offense & defense

Question 31

What does the protein shape determine?

Answer 31

It’s function

Question 32

What are polypeptides?

Answer 32

Long chains of linked amino acids with covalent bonds in between

Question 33

Describe the steps of the proteins structure.

Answer 33

Primary: amino acid chains
Secondary: folding of amino acids either alpha helices or beta pleated
Tertiary: final folding stage & positions the protein shape for its function
Quaternary: coming together of multiple polypeptide chains