Organic Macromolecules Flashcards
Which organic macromolecule is NOT composed of monomers & insoluble in water?
Lipids
What are the 4 organic macromolecules?
Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins & nucleic acids
Define Hydrophilic.
Likes water
Define hydrophobic
Hates water
What are the 4 groups of lipids?
Fats, phospholipids, waxes & steroids
Fats are composed of what?
3 fatty acids & a glycerol; dehydration synthesis
Fats are also known as
Triglycerides
Saturated fats are composed of
A single bond between carbon atoms
Unsaturated fats are composed of
A double bond between adjacent carbon atoms
Polyunsaturated fats are composed of
Several double bond between carbon atoms
What are the 3 types of fats?
Saturated, unsaturated, polyunsaturated
Phospholipids contains what & describe the structures
2 acid tails; head-hydrophilic & tail-hydrophobic
When the head & tail of the phospholipid come together they create
Membranes
Waxes are composed of
A long chain fatty acid link covalently to a long chain alcohol by an Ester bond
Waxes are used to
Store energy & are insoluble in water
Steroids are composed of
4 carbon rings fused together & attaches to various side chains/groups
What are the steroids roles in metabolism
Acts as hormones
What functional group are sterols & the purpose of sterols
Hydroxyl group; keep cell membranes fluid and functional
Carbohydrates are composed of
Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
What are three types of carbs?
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
What is a monosaccharide?
Simplest carbohydrate and simplest sugar
What is a disaccharide?
Linkage of 2 monosaccharides via dehydration synthesis
What is a polysaccharide?
Linkages of multiple monosaccharides
What is the purpose of nucleic acids?
Information storage devices for DNA and RNA
Nucleic acids are made up of
Nucleotides
Nucleotides are composed of
Monomers consisting A nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar a phosphate
Name the 5 nucleotides
Uracil, thymine, guanine, adenine, cytosine
Which nucleotides are grouped in purines?
Adenine & guanine
Which nucleotides are grouped in pyrimidines?
Thymine, uracil & cytosine
What are proteins composed of?
Complex organic macromolecules; amino acids bonded by peptide bonds
What are the functions of proteins?
Structure, enzymatic catalysis regulation, transportation , offense & defense
What does the protein shape determine?
It’s function
What are polypeptides?
Long chains of linked amino acids with covalent bonds in between
Describe the steps of the proteins structure.
Primary: amino acid chains
Secondary: folding of amino acids either alpha helices or beta pleated
Tertiary: final folding stage & positions the protein shape for its function
Quaternary: coming together of multiple polypeptide chains
