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Microbiology > Micro EX 1: Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Micro EX 1: Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes Flashcards

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0
Q

Which prokaryotic inclusion stores energy such as glycogen?

A

Polysaccharide inclusions

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1
Q

Name the 6 prokaryotic inclusions.

A

Lipid inclusions, polysaccharide inclusions, metachromatic granules, sulfur granules, carboxysomes, gas vacuoles

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2
Q

Which prokaryotic inclusion stores energy such as triglycerides?

A

Lipid inclusions

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3
Q

Which prokaryotic inclusion stores energy such as ATP and concentration of phosphate?

A

Metachromatic granules

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4
Q

Which prokaryotic inclusion stores energy such as sulfur?

A

Sulfur granules

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5
Q

Which prokaryotic inclusion allow for buoyancy in the water column?

A

Gas vacuoles

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6
Q

Which prokaryotic inclusion has concentrations of the enzymes needed for the dark reaction of photosynthesis where CO2 is fixed?

A

Carboxysomes

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7
Q

History of earth events: earth is how old?

A

4.5 billion years old

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8
Q

History of earth events: prokaryote is how old?

A

3.5 billion years old

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9
Q

History of earth events: eukaryotes is how old?

A

2 billion years old

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10
Q

Eukaryotes theories: autogenous theory

A

Infolding cell

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11
Q

Eukaryote theories: endosymbiont theory

A

Small prokaryote living inside of large prokaryote & lost ability to live independently

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12
Q

Give evident of endosymbiont theory

A

Mitochondria & chloroplast have their own DNA, 70 s ribosome & divide independently

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13
Q

Endospores: 2 genera of bacteria list them

A

Bacillus: aerobic; Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium: anaerobic; Clostridium tetani

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14
Q

Define Endospores

A

Has a copy of DNA, lives in a bacteria leave the bacteria (bacteria dies, endosperm lives): heat, dry, chemical & radiation

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15
Q

Size of ribosomes

A

70 s

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16
Q

Define plasmid

A

Extra chromosomal DNA, genes that are drug resistance can be replicated and transferred

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17
Q

Define sex pilus

A

Bacteria that connect to another bacteria for genetic transfer

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18
Q

Prokaryotic inclusions are used for

A

Cyanobacteria

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19
Q

Cell wall: Gram (+)

A

Thick peptidoglycan layer, no outer membrane, many, layers, keeps primary stain: purple
Ex: Staphylococcus aureus

20
Q

Define mycoplasma

A

Stain pink
Bacteria has no cell wall
Small in size
Sterols in cell membrane

21
Q

Cell wall: Gram(-)

A

Thin peptidoglycan layer, outer membrane, 1 layer, loses primary color; picks up outer stain: pink
Ex: Escherichia coli

22
Q

Gram staining procedure

A
  1. Crystal violet- primary stain
  2. Gram’s Iodine-mordant
  3. Decolorizer- removes color (time is crucial)
  4. Safranin- counter stain
24
Q

Describe Eukaryotic Cell Membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer, proteins, sterols: cholesterol & ergosterol

25
Q

Describe Prokaryotic Cell Membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer, proteins, no sterols; except mycoplasma

26
Q

Name the different types of Flagellas & their Arrangements

A

Monotrichous, Lophotrichous, Amphitrichous, Peritichous, Axial filament & Pili

27
Q

Flagellas & their Arrangements: lots of hair on one end

A

Lophotrichous

28
Q

Flagellas & their Arrangements: hair on one end

A

Monotrichous

29
Q

Flagellas & their Arrangements: one hair on both ends

A

Amphitrichous

30
Q

Flagellas & their Arrangements: hair all over

A

Peritrichous

31
Q

Flagellas & their Arrangements: flagella that wraps around spirochete for locomotion

A

axial filament

32
Q

Flagellas & their Arrangements: fuzzy hair around the cell

A

pili

33
Q

Define Glycocalyx

A

polysaccharide or polypeptide that is outside the cell wall

34
Q

what helps bacteria sticks to form biofilms?

A

glycocalyx

35
Q

Define Biofilms

A

problem in medicine=catherers;

ex: yellow substance on teeth; Staphylococcus aureus

36
Q

name the 5 stages of biofilms

A
  1. initial attachment
  2. irreversible attachment
  3. maturation
  4. maturation 2
  5. Dispersion
37
Q

each of the 5 stages of biofilm is pairs with what? and develops what?

A

paired with: photomicrograph

develops: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

38
Q

Define Capsule

A

firm attachment, organized, linked with virulence

39
Q

Define Slime Layer

A

loose attachment, unorganized, linked with avirulence

40
Q

Define Virulence

A

pathogentic, causing a disease

41
Q

Describe the stain w/ or w/o capsule for Streptococcus aureus Gram +

A

stain w/ capsule= virulent

stain w/o capsule= avirulent

42
Q

Name the Bacillus Arrangements

A

single bacillus, diplobacillus, staphylobacillus, streptobacillus, palisade

43
Q

Define Palisade

A

side by side bacillus bacteria

44
Q

Name the Shapes of Bacteria

A

coccus(singular), diplococci, staphylococci, streptococci, sarcina, tetrad

45
Q

Spirillium Arrangements

A

vibrio, spirillium, spirochete

46
Q

Define pleomorphic

A

various shapes

47
Q

Define Eukaryotes

A 
true nucleus
10-100 microns
chromosome linear
80 s ribosomes 
cell wall: plantae/algae-cellulose; fungi-chitin
mitochondria-cellular resp
divide by mitosis
48
Q

Define Prokaryotes

A 
no true nucleus
1-10 microns
1 circular chromosome
70 s ribosome
cell wall: peptidoglycan
cell membrane- cellular resp.
divide by binary fisson

Microbiology (20 decks)

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