Micro EX 1: Chemistry Terms Flashcards
Atomic weight
of protons and neutrons
Atomic #
of protons
Electrons
Negative charged; no weight
Protons
Positive charged ; has weight
Neutrons
Neutral in charge; has weight
Nucleus of an atom
Center; contain neutrons and protons
Orbitals
Contain electrons; 2,8, 8
Atoms
Smallest unit of an element
Isotope
Different # of neutrons in nucleus; different atomic weight
Ions
Charge on atom; lose or gain electron
Cations
Positive charged ion; loses electrons
Ex: H, Na, K, Ca, Mg
Anions
Negative charged ion; gain electrons
Ex: Cl, HCO3, PO4
Molecular Formula
Tell you # of atoms in each element
Ex: H2O, CO2
Structural Formula
Tells you structure
Ex. O=C=O
Isomer
Same molecular formula but has different structure.
Ex: fructose, glucose, and galactose
Covalent bonds
Stable; share electrons
Hydrogen bonds
Weak; bond between H-O and H-N
Synthesis reaction
Makes things bigger
Ex: A+ B —-> AB
Decomposition Reaction
Make things smaller
Ex: AB —> A+ B
Exchange Reaction
Switches
Ex: AB+CD —-> AD+CB ( HCl(acid)+ NaOH(base) —–> H2O + NaCl)
Reversible Reaction
A+B <—-> AB ( excessive product drives this)
Ex: ATP <—–> ADP+ P + Energy
Electrolytes
Ions
Ionic bonds
Oppositely charged ions
Ex: acids, bases, and salts, HCl, NaOH (breaksdown in water)
Acids
Release H(-)
Ex: HCl —-> H(+) + Cl(-)
Bases
Releases ions that reacts with H+
Ex: NaOH —–> Na(+) + OH(-) (OH will react with H)
Salts
Ionize but no H or anything to remove it.
Ex: NaCl —–> Na(+) + Cl(-)
Ph scale
Ph = -log [H] so decrease in number= increase in H ions ( inversely related)
Strong acids 1-4 Weak acids 5-6 Neutral 7 Weak bases 8-10 Strong bases 11-14
List the types of chemical reactions.
Synthesis reaction, exchange reaction, decomposition reactions & reversible reaction
Name the different kind of bonds.
Ionic bond, hydrogen bond, covalent bond
